{"id":73990,"date":"2026-07-23T15:24:24","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T13:24:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=73990"},"modified":"2026-07-23T15:28:36","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T13:28:36","slug":"le-cdd-dusage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-cdd-dusage\/","title":{"rendered":"Le CDD \u201cd\u2019usage\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le contrat \u00e0 dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e \u201cd\u2019usage\u00a0\u00bb (CDDU) r\u00e9pond \u00e0 des situations d\u2019emploi habituellement non couvertes par un CDI, en raison de la nature de leur activit\u00e9, et de leur caract\u00e8re temporaire. Il couvre des secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9s d\u00e9finis par d\u00e9cret, ou par des conventions ou accords collectifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans quelles conditions peut-on conclure un CDD d&rsquo;usage&nbsp;? Quels sont les secteurs concern\u00e9s ? Quelles r\u00e8gles s\u2019appliquent aux CDD d&rsquo;usage&nbsp;? Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, fait le tour du contrat \u00e0 dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e d\u2019usage (CCDU).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"p4\">\u201cL\u2019extra\u201d dans la restauration est l\u2019exemple le plus repr\u00e9sentatif du CDDU, mais aussi l\u2019acteur d\u2019une pi\u00e8ce de th\u00e9atre, l\u2019animateur en centre de loisirs, le sondeur d\u2019un institut de sondage, etc.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p6\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u00e9finition<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le contrat \u00e0 dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e \u00ab&nbsp;d&rsquo;usage&nbsp;\u00bb (CDDU) est un CDD qui peut \u00eatre conclu&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>pour des emplois pour lesquels il est d&rsquo;usage constant de ne pas recourir au CDI \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00e0 cause de la nature de l\u2019activit\u00e9 exerc\u00e9e <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>et du caract\u00e8re par nature temporaire de ces emplois,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dans des secteurs d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 d\u00e9finis par d\u00e9cret ou par les conventions ou accords collectifs de travail \u00e9tendus.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Caract\u00e9ristiques d\u2019un CDD<\/strong> d&rsquo;usage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le CDD d\u2019usage, comme tout CDD, doit <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00eatre \u00e9tabli par \u00e9crit, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>indiquer pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment le motif pour lequel il est conclu, <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>et comporter les mentions obligatoires de tout contrat de travail. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 d\u00e9faut, il sera requalifi\u00e9 en <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/cdi\/\">contrat de travail \u00e0 dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e (CDI)<\/a>. Cependant, des r\u00e8gles d\u00e9rogatoires, qui lui sont sp\u00e9cifiques, r\u00e9gissent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&#8211; sa dur\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le CDD comporte en principe un terme fix\u00e9. Par exception, le CDD d&rsquo;usage peut \u00eatre conclu sans terme pr\u00e9cis (quelques heures, une journ\u00e9e enti\u00e8re, quelques jours, plusieurs jours cons\u00e9cutifs.\u2026), sous r\u00e9serve de pr\u00e9voir une dur\u00e9e minimale. Il cesse d\u00e8s la r\u00e9alisation de son objet, et au plus t\u00f4t \u00e0 la fin de la dur\u00e9e minimale pr\u00e9vue. Il n\u2019y a pas de dur\u00e9e maximale fix\u00e9e pour les CDD d\u2019usage. (en principe 18 mois pour les\u00a0 CDD \u00ab\u00a0classiques\u00a0\u00bb)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Attention ! Chaque prestation, chaque vacation diff\u00e9rente constitue un contrat distinct qu\u2019il faudra r\u00e9diger \u00e0 chaque fois.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&#8211; la possibilit\u00e9 de faire se succ\u00e9der les contrats<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Des CDD d&rsquo;usage successifs peuvent \u00eatre conclus avec le m\u00eame salari\u00e9, sans interruption (sans d\u00e9lai de carence entre deux contrats). L\u2019employeur devra cependant s\u2019assurer que cette pratique est justifi\u00e9e par des raisons objectives, prouvant le caract\u00e8re par nature temporaire de l\u2019emploi. Si cette condition n&rsquo;est pas remplie, le CDD d&rsquo;usage sera requalifi\u00e9 en CDI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Attention, lorsqu&rsquo;un salari\u00e9 effectue plus de 60 jours de missions au cours d&rsquo;un trimestre civil chez le m\u00eame employeur, il peut demander la requalification de son contrat en CDI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>&#8211; l&rsquo;indemnit\u00e9 de fin de contrat<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A l\u2019issue d\u2019un CDD \u201cclassique\u201d, le salari\u00e9 per\u00e7oit une indemnit\u00e9 de fin de contrat &#8211; ou de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 &#8211; en principe \u00e9gale \u00e0 10%. <strong>Le CDD d\u2019usage n\u2019oblige pas au versement de cette indemnit\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le CDD d&rsquo;usage ne peut se substituer \u00e0 un CDD \u201cclassique\u201d ou \u00e0 un CDI. Il ne peut, ni en objet, ni en effet, remplacer durablement un emploi li\u00e9 \u00e0 la marche normale et permanente de l&rsquo;entreprise. Les sanctions pr\u00e9vues par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006901237\">l&rsquo;article L. 1248-1 du Code du travail<\/a> punissent les employeurs contrevenants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Quels sont les secteurs qui permettent l\u2019usage des CDDU ?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000021336319\">L&rsquo;article D.&nbsp;1242-1 du Code du travail<\/a> fixe la liste des secteurs d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 dans lesquels des CDD d&rsquo;usage peuvent \u00eatre conclus :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les exploitations foresti\u00e8res\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La r\u00e9paration navale\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le d\u00e9m\u00e9nagement\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;h\u00f4tellerie et la restauration, les centres de loisirs et de vacances\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le sport professionnel\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les spectacles, l&rsquo;action culturelle, l&rsquo;audiovisuel, la production cin\u00e9matographique, l&rsquo;\u00e9dition phonographique\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;enseignement\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;information, les activit\u00e9s d&rsquo;enqu\u00eate et de sondage\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;entreposage et le stockage de la viande\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les activit\u00e9s de coop\u00e9ration, d&rsquo;assistance technique, d&rsquo;ing\u00e9nierie et de recherche \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tranger\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les activit\u00e9s d&rsquo;insertion par l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique exerc\u00e9es par les associations interm\u00e9diaires\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le recrutement de travailleurs pour les mettre, \u00e0 titre on\u00e9reux, \u00e0 la disposition de personnes physiques, dans le cadre d&rsquo;une activit\u00e9 de services \u00e0 la personne\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La recherche scientifique r\u00e9alis\u00e9e dans le cadre d&rsquo;une convention internationale, d&rsquo;un arrangement administratif international pris en application d&rsquo;une telle convention, ou par des chercheurs \u00e9trangers r\u00e9sidant temporairement en France\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les activit\u00e9s foraines\u00a0;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les activit\u00e9s de soutien logistique et la fourniture de services, de denr\u00e9es et de marchandises diverses aux formations militaires en France et \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tranger ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;exercice de la m\u00e9decine dans les centres de sant\u00e9 \u00e9tablis dans des zones caract\u00e9ris\u00e9es par une offre de soins insuffisante ou par des difficult\u00e9s dans l&rsquo;acc\u00e8s aux soins. (Cette derni\u00e8re activit\u00e9 autoris\u00e9e par <a href=\"https:\/\/Par%20d%C3%A9cret%20n%C2%B0%202025-%20552%20du%2018%20juin%202025,%20en%20vigueur%20depuis%20le%2021%20juin%202025,%20relatif%20aux%20secteurs,%20le%20recours%20au%20CDD%20d%E2%80%99usage%20a%20%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20%C3%A9largi%20%C3%A0%20l&apos;exercice%20de%20la%20m%C3%A9decine%20dans%20les%20centres%20de%20sant%C3%A9%20%C3%A9tablis%20dans%20des%20zones%20caract%C3%A9ris%C3%A9es%20par%20une%20offre%20de%20soins%20insuffisante%20ou%20par%20des%20difficult%C3%A9s%20dans%20l&apos;acc%C3%A8s%20aux%20soins).\">d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2025- 552 du 18 juin 2025<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette liste peut \u00eatre compl\u00e9t\u00e9e par voie de convention ou d&rsquo;accord collectif \u00e9tendu, eux-m\u00eames pr\u00e9cisant la liste des emplois concern\u00e9s. Le site du code du travail num\u00e9rique permet de v\u00e9rifier ce que pr\u00e9voient <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/convention-collective-applicable-entreprise-22102014avaltlodela\/\">les conventions collectives<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Conditions pr\u00e9alables \u00e0 la conclusion d\u2019un CDDU<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019activit\u00e9 <strong>principale<\/strong> de l&rsquo;entreprise doit relever de l&rsquo;un des secteurs pr\u00e9cit\u00e9s. Et non une activit\u00e9 secondaire, ni l\u2019activit\u00e9 confi\u00e9e au salari\u00e9,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Un secteur d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 mentionn\u00e9 ne fonde pas \u00e0 lui seul le droit de recourir au CDDU. Il doit aussi exister un usage constant (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire ancien, bien \u00e9tabli et par cons\u00e9quent admis comme tel dans la profession), de ne pas recourir \u00e0 un CDI,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Quand bien m\u00eame un secteur d\u2019activit\u00e9 est mentionn\u00e9 sur la liste, encore faut-il que l\u2019emploi offert soit de nature <strong>temporaire pour <\/strong>autoriser la conclusion d\u2019un CDDU.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C&rsquo;est \u00e0 l&#8217;employeur de s&rsquo;assurer que les conditions de recours au CDDU sont r\u00e9unies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rien n\u2019interdit \u00e0 un employeur de conclure un CDD \u00ab&nbsp;classique&nbsp;\u00bb : la conclusion d&rsquo;un CDDU n&rsquo;est pas une obligation, m\u00eame lorsqu&rsquo;il est possible d&rsquo;en conclure un.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le CDD d&rsquo;usage est requalifi\u00e9 en contrat de travail \u00e0 dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e (CDI) d\u00e8s qu\u2019une seule des conditions n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la conclusion d&rsquo;un CDD d&rsquo;usage n&rsquo;est pas remplie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cas particuliers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement du bulletin de paie<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quand la dur\u00e9e d\u2019un CDD d&rsquo;usage ne d\u00e9passe pas 30 jours, l\u2019employeur peut n\u2019\u00e9mettre qu\u2019un seul bulletin de paie, m\u00eame si le contrat chevauche deux mois civils distincts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Et les cong\u00e9s pay\u00e9s dans tout \u00e7a ?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le versement d\u2019une <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/indemnite-conges-payes\/\">indemnit\u00e9 compensatrice de cong\u00e9s pay\u00e9s<\/a> est pr\u00e9vu, sous r\u00e9serve de l\u2019application de la r\u00e8gle la plus favorable entre le dixi\u00e8me et le maintien du salaire (art. L3142-24)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Limitation du recours excessif aux CDD d\u2019usage<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour \u00e9viter des situations de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 pour les salari\u00e9s et de d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre financier pour l\u2019assurance ch\u00f4mage, plusieurs dispositions ont pour objet de limiter le recours trop fr\u00e9quent aux CDD d\u2019usage :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014&gt;Une majoration de 4,05% \u00e0 4,55% de la contribution patronale d&rsquo;assurance ch\u00f4mage (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unedic.org\/ged\/documents\/circulars\/pdf\/PRE-CIRC-Circulaire_n2019-11_du_14_octobre_2019.pdf\">Circulaire Un\u00e9dic n\u00b0 2019-11 du 14 octobre 2019<\/a>) pour les CDD d&rsquo;usage d&rsquo;une dur\u00e9e inf\u00e9rieure ou \u00e9gale \u00e0 3 mois conclus :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>avec les ouvriers dockers occasionnels mentionn\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;article L.\u00a05343-6 du Code des transports,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>avec les salari\u00e9s intermittents du spectacle relevant des annexes VIII et X du R\u00e8glement d&rsquo;assurance ch\u00f4mage annex\u00e9 au d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2019-797 du 26 juillet 2019 cit\u00e9 en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014&gt;Une modulation de la contribution patronale d&rsquo;assurance ch\u00f4mage (\u00ab&nbsp;Bonus-malus&nbsp;&nbsp;\u00bb) \u00e0 la hausse ou \u00e0 la baisse, en fonction du taux de s\u00e9paration de l\u2019employeur. Voir notre article <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-dispositif-bonus-malus-sur-les-contributions-dassurance-chomage\/\">Le dispositif \u00ab bonus-malus \u00bb sur les contributions d\u2019assurance ch\u00f4mage<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cet article vous a \u00e9t\u00e9 utile ? Dites-le nous dans les commentaires ci-apr\u00e8s ! Retrouvez aussi nos autres articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-contrat-de-chantier\/\">Le contrat de chantier<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-contrat-de-travail-saisonnier\/\">Le contrat de travail saisonnier<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/cve-contrat-de-valorisation-de-lexperience\/\">CVE, Contrat de Valorisation de l\u2019Exp\u00e9rience<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/la-modification-du-contrat-de-travail\/\">La modification du contrat de travail<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le contrat \u00e0 dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e \u201cd\u2019usage\u00a0\u00bb (CDDU) r\u00e9pond \u00e0 des situations d\u2019emploi habituellement non couvertes par un CDI, en raison de la nature de leur activit\u00e9, et de leur caract\u00e8re temporaire. Il couvre des secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9s d\u00e9finis par d\u00e9cret, ou&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73991,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-rh"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le CDD \u201cd\u2019usage&quot; | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le CDD \u00ab\u00a0d&#039;usage\u00a0\u00bb est r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux emplois pour lesquels, en raison de la nature de leur activit\u00e9, il est d&#039;usage de ne pas recourir au CDI\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-cdd-dusage\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le CDD \u201cd\u2019usage&quot; | Blog Valoxy - 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