{"id":71144,"date":"2025-03-03T14:30:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-03T13:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=71144"},"modified":"2025-03-06T13:10:33","modified_gmt":"2025-03-06T12:10:33","slug":"loi-dorientation-agricole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/loi-dorientation-agricole\/","title":{"rendered":"La Loi d\u2019Orientation Agricole 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le S\u00e9nat a d\u00e9finitivement adopt\u00e9 le projet de loi d\u2019orientation agricole (LOA), pour la souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire et le renouvellement des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations en agriculture, le 20 f\u00e9vrier 2025.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire, vieillissement des exploitants, formation, guichet unique pour faciliter les installations et les transmissions, enseignement agricole, nouveau dipl\u00f4me, atteintes environnementales et \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9, statut des haies\u2026 Que contient ce texte ? Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, revient sur les nombreuses dispositions de la Loi d\u2019Orientation Agricole pour 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Objectif de la LOA<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La Loi d\u2019Orientation Agricole pour 2025 pose des principes, et d\u00e9finit des orientations pour faire face aux difficult\u00e9s du monde agricole.&nbsp;Elle s\u2019articule autour de quatre grands axes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire et agricole,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Formation des agriculteurs de demain,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transmission et installation,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00e9curisation des activit\u00e9s agricoles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire et agricole<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"> La souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire d\u2019un pays peut se d\u00e9finir <i>\u00ab\u00a0comme le maintien et le d\u00e9veloppement des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019un pays \u00e0 produire, transformer et distribuer les produits agricoles et alimentaires n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de sa population\u201d. <\/i>Par extension, la France \u00e9largit sa d\u00e9finition au soutien \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mondiale, au travers de ses exportations<i>.<\/i><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>La LOA 2025 assigne aux politiques publiques l\u2019objectif de souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire. Le code rural et de la p\u00eache maritime affirme d\u00e9sormais le caract\u00e8re d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral majeur de l\u2019agriculture et de la p\u00eache, afin de garantir la <em>\u201csouverainet\u00e9 alimentaire de la Nation\u201d<\/em>.&nbsp;Les politiques publiques devront dor\u00e9navant :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>s\u2019inspirer du principe de non-r\u00e9gression de la souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>veiller \u00e0 la r\u00e9ciprocit\u00e9 dans les accords de libre\u2011\u00e9change,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>concourir aux transitions \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et climatique,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mieux informer les consommateurs sur l&rsquo;origine des produits,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>diminuer l&rsquo;usage des pesticides en s\u2019appuyant sur des solutions \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9conomiquement viables et techniquement efficaces\u201d et ne pas interdire, lorsque de telles solutions n\u2019existent pas, \u201c<em>les usages de produits phytopharmaceutiques autoris\u00e9s par l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne\u201d,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>organiser en 2026 des conf\u00e9rences de la souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire avec les fili\u00e8res agricoles, sous l&rsquo;\u00e9gide de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.franceagrimer.fr\/\">FranceAgriMer<\/a>, l\u2019\u00e9tablissement national des produits de l\u2019agriculture et de la mer,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d\u00e9finir une strat\u00e9gie par fili\u00e8re,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>atteindre l&rsquo;objectif de 21% des surfaces agricoles en bio d&rsquo;ici 2030,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>interdire l\u2019utilisation du terme \u201clabel\u201d, \u00e0 l\u2019exception de <a href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.gouv.fr\/le-label-rouge-signe-de-qualite-superieure\">Label Rouge<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Former les agriculteurs de demain<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"> Constat : plus du tiers des exploitants agricoles seront d\u2019ici 10 ans en \u00e2ge de partir \u00e0 la retraite. Le renouvellement des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations est donc un d\u00e9fi imm\u00e9diat.&nbsp;<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le projet de LOA 2025 d\u00e9finit les priorit\u00e9s de l\u2019action publique en mati\u00e8re de formation, de recherche et d\u2019innovation pour mettre en place :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>un programme triennal de formation \u00e0 destination des professionnels partenaires des exploitants, et des futurs agriculteurs,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>un \u201cvolontariat agricole\u201d de six mois,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>le \u00ab\u00a0Bachelor Agro\u00a0\u00bb, dipl\u00f4me national de niveau bac+3, pour les m\u00e9tiers de l\u2019agriculture et de l\u2019agroalimentaire.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>un programme national d\u2019orientation et de d\u00e9couverte des m\u00e9tiers agricoles et des autres m\u00e9tiers du vivant (actions de d\u00e9couverte pour tous les \u00e9coliers, stages de d\u00e9couverte pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves de coll\u00e8ge et de seconde, etc.).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>un <em>\u201ccontrat territorial de consolidation ou de cr\u00e9ation de formation\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de renouvellement des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Faciliter la transmission et l\u2019installation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La loi d\u00e9finit les objectifs \u00e0 dix ans en mati\u00e8re d\u2019installation des agriculteurs et de transmission des exploitations. Il vise 400 000 exploitations et 500 000 agriculteurs en 2035. Pour y arriver, les pouvoirs publics devront :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>assurer la r\u00e9gulation du march\u00e9 foncier pour le rendre accessible,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>r\u00e9former la fiscalit\u00e9 applicable \u00e0 l&rsquo;installation et \u00e0 la transmission,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lutter contre la concentration excessive des terres et leur accaparement,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mettre en place <a href=\"https:\/\/france-services-agriculture.fr\/\">France Services Agriculture<\/a>, guichet unique d\u2019accueil, d\u2019orientation et d\u2019accompagnement, dans chaque d\u00e9partement. Et ce, pour accueillir toutes les personnes qui souhaitent s\u2019engager dans une activit\u00e9 agricole ou c\u00e9der une exploitation,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>promouvoir la mise en \u0153uvre de diagnostics modulaires des exploitations agricoles. Ces diagnostics fourniront des informations utiles aux exploitants pour les orienter et les accompagner lors des diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes de leur projet.<\/strong> Ils \u00e9valueront les exploitations \u00e0 c\u00e9der ou les projets d\u2019installations au regard de leur viabilit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, environnementale et sociale. <strong>Ces diagnostics seront r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 la demande des agriculteurs et ne pourront ni leur \u00eatre impos\u00e9s ni restreindre le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de certaines aides publiques,<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d\u00e9velopper un module dit \u00ab\u00a0stress test climatique\u00a0\u00bb avec ces diagnostics afin d&rsquo;\u00e9valuer la r\u00e9silience d&rsquo;un projet,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>adapter les dispositions sur l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9claration d\u2019intention de cessation d\u2019exploitation afin d\u2019accompagner au plus t\u00f4t les exploitants \u00e0 ce nouveau guichet,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mettre en place \u00e0 compter de 2026 une <strong>\u201caide au passage de relais\u00a0\u00bb <\/strong>(autour de 1&nbsp;000 \u20ac par mois), jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 leur retraite, pour les agriculteurs d&rsquo;au moins 59 ans qui cessent leur activit\u00e9 agricole,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cr\u00e9er un r\u00e9pertoire unique d\u00e9partemental comprenant les informations sur les exploitants concern\u00e9s,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>proposer une analyse prospective, accessible sur internet, aux acteurs des secteurs agricole et agroalimentaire pour les aider \u00e0 anticiper l\u2019\u00e9tat du march\u00e9 \u00e0 horizon 2035,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>inscrire dans la loi un \u00ab\u00a0droit \u00e0 l\u2019essai\u00a0\u00bb pour encourager l\u2019installation en soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Il s\u2019agirait d\u2019un nouveau \u00ab\u00a0contrat d\u2019associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019essai\u00a0\u00bb pour exp\u00e9rimenter un travail en commun au sein d\u2019une exploitation agricole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Simplifier et s\u00e9curiser les activit\u00e9s agricoles<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La LOA adapte le r\u00e9gime des sanctions pour atteinte \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9. La qualification de d\u00e9lit et les peines (jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 trois ans de prison et 150 000 \u20ac d&rsquo;amende) seront d\u00e9sormais r\u00e9serv\u00e9es aux atteintes commises de <strong>mani\u00e8re intentionnelle<\/strong> ou par <strong>n\u00e9gligence grave.<\/strong> L&rsquo;atteinte non-intentionnelle sera punie d\u2019une amende administrative de 450 \u20ac maximum, et un stage de sensibilisation aux enjeux de la protection de l&rsquo;environnement sera propos\u00e9, sauf en cas de r\u00e9cidive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le principe du droit \u00e0 l&rsquo;erreur est \u00e9tendu aux agriculteurs :<strong> <em>\u00ab\u00a0lors d\u2019un contr\u00f4le op\u00e9r\u00e9 dans une exploitation agricole, la bonne foi de l\u2019exploitant est pr\u00e9sum\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb<\/em><\/strong>. Un conflit des normes ne peut entra\u00eener de sanction \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de l\u2019agriculteur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D&rsquo;autres mesures portent sur les r\u00e8gles applicables aux haies :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>les projets de destruction seront soumis \u00e0 une d\u00e9claration unique,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>l\u2019administration \u00e9tablira dans chaque d\u00e9partement une cartographie des r\u00e9glementations sur les haies. Elle reconna\u00eetra la possibilit\u00e9 de \u00ab\u00a0travaux d&rsquo;entretien usuels\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9chappant par principe \u00e0 la qualification de \u201cdestruction\u00a0\u00bb,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>une strat\u00e9gie de gestion durable et de reconqu\u00eate de la haie devra \u00eatre d\u00e9finie, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un cadre de reconnaissance de certifications de \u201cgestion durable des haies\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u2019autres dispositions permettent aussi :<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>d\u2019exclure les b\u00e2timents n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 agricole de l\u2019objectif \u201cZ\u00e9ro Artificialisation Nette\u201d (ZAN),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d\u2019introduire de plus grandes facult\u00e9s d\u2019intervention des d\u00e9partements en mati\u00e8re de gestion de l\u2019approvisionnement en eau,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les d\u00e9cisions de justice dans les contentieux portant sur des projets de retenues d&rsquo;eau et d\u2019installations d\u2019\u00e9levage (r\u00e9serves d&rsquo;eau ou bassines, porcheries, poulaillers\u2026),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>de s\u00e9curiser le cadre applicable aux chiens de protection de troupeaux, aux sous-produits lainiers ou aux installations aquacoles,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d&rsquo;adapter les r\u00e8gles de la repr\u00e9sentativit\u00e9 des organisations professionnelles d\u2019employeurs. (Voir notre article <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/les-organisations-professionnelles-et-patronales\/\">Les organisations professionnelles et patronales<\/a>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cet article sur la Loi d&rsquo;Orientation Agricole pour 2025 vous a int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ? Dites le nous dans les commentaires ci-apr\u00e8s ! Retrouvez aussi nos autres articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-fonds-agricole\/\">Le fonds agricole<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/fiscalite-agricole\/\">Fiscalit\u00e9 agricole 2024 : ce qui change !<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/les-dispositifs-fiscaux-specifiques-a-lactivite-agricole\/\">Dispositifs fiscaux de l\u2019activit\u00e9 agricole<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/les-formes-demploi-en-exploitation-agricole\/\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/tribunal-des-activites-economiques\/\">Le Tribunal des Activit\u00e9s \u00c9conomiques (TAE)<\/a><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/la-fiscalite-du-gfa-groupement-foncier-agricole\/\">La fiscalit\u00e9 du GFA (groupement foncier agricole)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le S\u00e9nat a d\u00e9finitivement adopt\u00e9 le projet de loi d\u2019orientation agricole (LOA), pour la souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire et le renouvellement des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations en agriculture, le 20 f\u00e9vrier 2025.&nbsp; Souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire, vieillissement des exploitants, formation, guichet unique pour faciliter les installations et&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":71148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricole"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - 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