{"id":70447,"date":"2024-10-30T09:36:50","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T08:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=70447"},"modified":"2025-09-23T10:12:41","modified_gmt":"2025-09-23T08:12:41","slug":"creation-dentreprise-et-retraite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/creation-dentreprise-et-retraite\/","title":{"rendered":"Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019entreprise et retraite"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Au moment de cr\u00e9er son entreprise, le cr\u00e9ateur a d\u00e9j\u00e0 mille choses en t\u00eate. Son projet, son financement, son produit, son installation, sa fabrication, son march\u00e9\u2026 Le choix de sa retraite est pour lui secondaire. Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019entreprise et retraite paraissent des concepts antinomiques ! Or, il est primordial de comprendre l\u2019incidence des choix faits \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019entreprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, revient dans cet article sur les diff\u00e9rents statuts des cr\u00e9ateurs et les types de retraite auxquels ils donnent droit\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les choix de d\u00e9part<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La forme juridique choisie, et les options prises \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019entreprise, auront des cons\u00e9quences importantes sur le montant de la pension, et la date id\u00e9ale du d\u00e9part \u00e0 la retraite. En effet, si le montant de la retraite du TNS d\u00e9pendra :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>des montants cotis\u00e9s,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>du nombre d\u2019ann\u00e9es de cotisation (commencer \u00e0 cotiser le plus t\u00f4t possible est donc le mieux),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>de l\u2019\u00e2ge du d\u00e9part en retraite,<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>les conditions de cotisations ne seront pas les m\u00eames selon le statut social du cr\u00e9ateur (salari\u00e9 ou non, g\u00e9rant, etc.) et le statut juridique de l\u2019entreprise (SAS, Sarl, micro-entreprise) qu\u2019il aura cr\u00e9\u00e9e. Cela d\u00e9pendra aussi de la mani\u00e8re dont il se sera r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u2019il soit TNS ou assimil\u00e9 salari\u00e9, les principes du calcul de sa retraite seront n\u00e9anmoins identiques. Le montant de la retraite de base repr\u00e9sente 50 % du salaire annuel moyen (SAM) des 25 meilleures ann\u00e9es de revenu pour une dur\u00e9e d&rsquo;assurance compl\u00e8te (entre 160 et 172 trimestres).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&#8211; Le salari\u00e9 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>d\u00e9pend du r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cotisations assises sur les salaires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&#8211; L\u2019auto-entrepreneur (micro-entrepreneur)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong>\u2014&gt; cotisations assises sur le chiffre d\u2019affaires<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>aupr\u00e8s du r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale s\u2019il est artisan, commer\u00e7ant et les <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/profession-liberale\/\">professions lib\u00e9rales<\/a> qui ne d\u00e9pendent pas de la CIPAV. <em>(Pour rappel, le PLFSS 2018 a modifi\u00e9 la frontie<\/em>\u0300<em>re entre le re<\/em>\u0301<em>gime des professions libe<\/em>\u0301<em>rales affilie<\/em>\u0301<em>es a<\/em>\u0300<em> la CIPAV et le re<\/em>\u0301<em>gime des artisans et commerc<\/em>\u0327<em>ants affilie<\/em>\u0301<em>s (jusqu\u2019alors) au RSI puis au re<\/em>\u0301<em>gime ge<\/em>\u0301<em>ne<\/em>\u0301<em>ral (SSI). Seules les professions lib\u00e9rales list\u00e9es en (1) ont dor\u00e9navant vocation a<\/em>\u0300<em> relever de la CIPAV. Toutes les autres ont \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement transfe<\/em>\u0301<em>re<\/em>\u0301<em>es au re<\/em>\u0301<em>gime ge<\/em>\u0301<em>ne<\/em>\u0301<em>ral.<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aupr\u00e8s de la CIPAV (Caisse Interprofessionnelle de Pr\u00e9voyance et d\u2019Assurance Vieillesse des professions lib\u00e9rales)&nbsp;pour les autres ind\u00e9pendants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>ATTENTION ! Pas de chiffre d\u2019affaires \u2014&gt; pas de cotisations \u2014&gt; pas de points de retraite<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&#8211; Le g\u00e9rant de Sarl :<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Affili\u00e9 \u00e0 la SSI (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale des Ind\u00e9pendants) s\u2019il est dirigeant majoritaire,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Affili\u00e9 au r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale s\u2019il est dirigeant minoritaire ou \u00e9galitaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Le salari\u00e9 d\u00e9pend du r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le taux de cotisations pour la retraite de base au r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale &nbsp;(la CNAV, Caisse Nationale d\u2019Assurance Vieillesse) d\u00e9pend de la tranche de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration que le cr\u00e9ateur se pr\u00e9l\u00e8ve. Le taux peut s\u2019appliquer sur l\u2019ensemble de la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration ou juste sur une partie. Il s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0&nbsp;:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>17,75&nbsp;% jusqu\u2019\u00e0 3&nbsp;864 \u20ac (Plafond Mensuel de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale)<ul><li>Part salariale 7,30 %<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Part patronale 10,45 %<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2,30&nbsp;% au dessus de 3&nbsp;864 \u20ac (PMSS)<ul><li>Part salariale 0,40 %<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Part patronale 1,90 %<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le taux pour la retraite compl\u00e9mentaire (Agirc-Arrco) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>10,02&nbsp;% jusqu\u2019\u00e0 3&nbsp;864 \u20ac (PMSS) Tranche 1<\/strong><ul><li>Part salariale 4,01 %<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Part patronale 6,01 %<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>24,64&nbsp;% pour la partie sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 3&nbsp;864 \u20ac (et jusque 8 PMSS, soit 30 912 \u20ac)<ul><li>Part salariale 9,86%<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Part patronale 14,78%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les travailleurs ind\u00e9pendants (TNS)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils se r\u00e9partissent en 3 cat\u00e9gories :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les artisans, commer\u00e7ants et industriels<\/strong>, rattach\u00e9s \u00e0 la SSI (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale des ind\u00e9pendants, anciennement RSI). Le r\u00e9gime SSI est dit \u00ab align\u00e9 \u00bb, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire que son fonctionnement, pour la retraite de base, est tr\u00e8s proche de celui du r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des salari\u00e9s,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les professions lib\u00e9<\/strong><strong>rales<\/strong>, (r\u00e9glement\u00e9es ou non) qui rel\u00e8vent de caisses de retraites sp\u00e9cifiques, r\u00e9unies pour la plupart au sein de la Caisse nationale d&rsquo;assurance vieillesse <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnavpl.fr\/presentation-de-la-cnavpl-2\/\">des professions lib\u00e9rales (CNAVPL)<\/a>, \u00e0 laquelle s&rsquo;ajoute la Caisse nationale des barreaux fran\u00e7ais (CNBF) pour les avocats. Attention, la liste des professions lib\u00e9rales rattach\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019une d\u2019entre elles, la CIPAV a \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9e depuis le 1er janvier 2019. &nbsp;Toutes les autres professions lib\u00e9rales sont rattach\u00e9es au SSI).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les exploitants agricoles<\/strong>, rattach\u00e9s \u00e0 la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msa.fr\/lfp\/retraite\">MSA<\/a> (Mutualit\u00e9 sociale agricole).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les ind\u00e9pendants b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de la protection sociale des ind\u00e9pendants, et paient leurs cotisations \u00e0 l\u2019Urssaf. Les deux premi\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, ces cotisations sont calcul\u00e9es sur la base d&rsquo;un \u201cforfait de d\u00e9but d\u2019activit\u00e9\u201d, puis sont r\u00e9gularis\u00e9es lorsque la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration est connue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 2024 , le taux de cotisation de la retraite de base des ind\u00e9pendants (TNS) est de :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>17,75 % pour la part des revenus inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 46 368 \u20ac<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>0,60 % pour la part des revenus sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 46 368 \u20ac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Attention ! Il existe une contribution minimale obligatoire. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000048729116\">Le de\u0301cret 2023-1352 du 29 de\u0301cembre 2023<\/a> fixe l\u2019assiette minimale de ces cotisations, qui permettent aux travailleurs inde\u0301pendants de valider <strong>trois trimestres<\/strong> par an. Celle-ci s\u2019applique a\u0300 compter des cotisations annuelles dues au titre de l&rsquo;anne\u0301e 2023, et ne peut \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>5 072 \u20ac pour les cotisations dues au titre de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2023,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5 243 \u20ac pour les cotisations dues au titre de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2024.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le r\u00e9gime de retraite compl\u00e9mentaire des Ind\u00e9pendants est le RCI (R\u00e9gime Compl\u00e9mentaire des Ind\u00e9pendants)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les retraites compl\u00e9mentaires des professions lib\u00e9rales rattach\u00e9es \u00e0 la CIPAV sont elles-aussi g\u00e9r\u00e9es par la CIPAV.<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u2019auto-entrepreneur <\/strong><em><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les cotisations sociales (et donc les cotisations retraite de base et retraite compl\u00e9mentaire) sont pr\u00e9lev\u00e9es par la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale sur le chiffre d&rsquo;affaires que le micro-entrepreneur r\u00e9alise. Si le micro-entrepreneur ne r\u00e9alise pas de chiffre d&rsquo;affaires, il ne verse pas de cotisations sociales <strong>et <\/strong><strong>il n&rsquo;obtient donc pas de droits \u00e0 la retraite<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale redistribue ensuite ces cotisations aux caisses de retraite correspondant \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 du micro-entrepreneur :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>l\u2019Assurance Retraite du R\u00e9gime G\u00e9n\u00e9ral, pour les artisans, commer\u00e7ants et professions lib\u00e9rales non affili\u00e9es \u00e0 la CIPAV,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la CIPAV, Caisse Interprofessionnelle de Pr\u00e9voyance et d\u2019Assurance Vieillesse des professions lib\u00e9rales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les taux pour la retraite de base sont de :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>10,10 % pour les revenus jusque 1 PASS (46 368 <\/strong><strong>\u20ac<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1,87 % pour les revenus compris entre 1 et 5 PASS (231&nbsp;840 \u20ac)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les taux pour la retraite compl\u00e9mentaire sont de<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>9 % pour les revenus de 0 \u00e0 46 368 \u20ac (1 PASS)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>22 % pour les revenus compris entre 1 et 3,5 PASS (162 288 \u20ac)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Chaque mois ou trimestre, l\u2019auto-entrepreneur doit d\u00e9clarer son chiffre d\u2019affaires sur le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.autoentrepreneur.urssaf.fr\/portail\/accueil.html\">site autoentrepreneur.urssaf.fr<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Le g\u00e9rant de Sarl<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les dirigeants <strong>minoritaires ou \u00e9galitaires (*)<\/strong> de SARL <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils cotisent au r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale au titre de leur retraite de base (CNAV) et de leur retraite compl\u00e9mentaire (Agirc-Arrco). Les taux d\u00e9pendent du niveau de r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(*)<\/strong> La majorit\u00e9 d\u2019un g\u00e9rant de Sarl s\u2019appr\u00e9cie en additionnant ses parts sociales, celles de son conjoint mari\u00e9 ou pacs\u00e9 et de son ou ses enfant(s) mineur(s). S\u2019ils sont plusieurs g\u00e9rants, leur majorit\u00e9 est alors l\u2019addition des parts sociales de l\u2019ensemble des g\u00e9rants, de leur conjoint mari\u00e9 ou pacs\u00e9 et de leur(s) enfant(s) mineur(s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les g\u00e9rants majoritaires<\/strong> cotisent \u00e0 la SSI (anciennement RSI)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le taux de la retraite de base s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0&nbsp;:<ul><li>17.4&nbsp;% du revenu professionnel dans la limite de 38&nbsp;040 \u20ac<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>0.35&nbsp;% du revenu professionnel au-del\u00e0 de 38&nbsp;040 \u20ac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le taux de cotisations pour la retraite compl\u00e9mentaire est de&nbsp;:<ul><li>7&nbsp;% du revenu professionnel dans la limite de 37&nbsp;513 \u20ac<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>8&nbsp;% du revenu professionnel compris entre 37&nbsp;513 et 152&nbsp;160 \u20ac<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Attention, une cotisation minimale annuelle est obligatoire, <strong>m\u00eame lorsque le revenu professionnel est nul<\/strong>. Elle s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 :<ul><li>510 \u20ac pour la retraite de base,<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>140 \u20ac pour la retraite compl\u00e9mentaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cet article vous a int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ? Dites-le nous dans les commentaires ci apr\u00e8s. Retrouvez aussi nos autres articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/levolution-du-systeme-de-retraite\/\">L\u2019\u00e9volution du syst\u00e8me de retraite<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-projet-de-reforme-des-retraites-de-2023\/\">Le projet de r\u00e9forme des retraites 2023<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/la-cotisation-volontaire-de-retraite\/\">La cotisation volontaire de retraite<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-systeme-francais-de-retraite\/\">Le syst\u00e8me fran\u00e7ais de retraite<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/plan-de-soutien-aux-independants\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/cumul-emploi-retraite-2\/\">Le cumul emploi-retraite<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/la-retraite-progressive-evolue\/\">La retraite progressive \u00e9volue<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(1) <\/em><em>La CIPAV <\/em><em>ne regroupe plus d\u00e9sormais que les professions lib\u00e9rales suivantes : <\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>architectes, architectes d<\/em><em>\u2019<\/em><em>int\u00e9rieur, \u00e9conomistes de la construction, ma\u00eetres d\u2019\u0153uvre, g\u00e9om<\/em><em>\u00e8<\/em><em>tres, ing\u00e9nieurs conseil,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>moniteurs de ski, guides de haute montagne, accompagnateurs de moyenne montagne,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>ost\u00e9<\/em><em>opathes, ergoth<\/em><em>\u00e9rapeutes, chiropracteurs<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>psychologues, psychomotriciens, psychoth\u00e9rapeutes,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>di\u00e9t\u00e9ticiens,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>guides conf\u00e9<\/em><em>rencier<\/em><em>s,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>artistes non cr\u00e9ateur d\u2019\u0153uvres originales (<\/em><em>non affili<\/em><em>\u00e9 \u00e0 la maison des artistes)<\/em><em>,<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>experts en automobile, experts devant les tribunaux, mandataires judiciaires \u00e0 la protection des majeurs.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au moment de cr\u00e9er son entreprise, le cr\u00e9ateur a d\u00e9j\u00e0 mille choses en t\u00eate. Son projet, son financement, son produit, son installation, sa fabrication, son march\u00e9\u2026 Le choix de sa retraite est pour lui secondaire. Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019entreprise et retraite paraissent&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":70448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-rh"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019entreprise et retraite | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cr\u00e9ation d\u2019entreprise et retraite paraissent des concepts antinomiques ! 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