{"id":60712,"date":"2022-03-11T13:11:40","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T12:11:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=60712"},"modified":"2025-03-07T11:57:07","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T10:57:07","slug":"la-cotation-banque-de-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/la-cotation-banque-de-france\/","title":{"rendered":"La cotation Banque de France"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La cotation Banque de France est une appr\u00e9ciation de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une entreprise \u00e0 honorer ses engagements financiers. C\u2019est une information pr\u00e9cieuse sur sa solidit\u00e9. La n\u00e9gociation d\u2019une nouvelle ligne de cr\u00e9dit, ou l\u2019obtention de certaines aides, d\u00e9pendent en effet souvent de cette cotation, cl\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e8s de l\u2019entreprise au financement.<\/p>\n<p>Comment se pr\u00e9sente cette cotation ? Comment est-elle calcul\u00e9e ? Et comment l\u2019utiliser ? Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, r\u00e9pond \u00e0 ces questions.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #c1d72e;\">\u2014<\/span>\u00a0<strong>D\u00e9finition<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La cotation Banque de France est une note donn\u00e9e par les analystes de la Banque de France, \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es de l\u2019entreprise (<a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/liasse-fiscale-06202014avallau01\/\">sa liasse fiscale<\/a>), et de son environnement \u00e9conomique et concurrentiel (secteur d\u2019activit\u00e9, \u00e9volutions de son march\u00e9, etc.). Pour les entreprises de plus de 750 000 euros de CA, elle peut \u00eatre accompagn\u00e9e d\u2019un entretien avec son dirigeant (sa strat\u00e9gie, sa capacit\u00e9 de rebond, ses projets\u2026). C\u2019est un v\u00e9ritable diagnostic financier de l\u2019entreprise, <strong>pluriannuel et <\/strong><strong>prospecti<\/strong><strong>f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La cotation est naturellement communiqu\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise. Elle est utilis\u00e9e par les banques, les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s financi\u00e8res (assureurs-cr\u00e9dits, <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/plateformes-crowdfunding\/\">plateformes de crowdfunding<\/a>, etc.) ainsi que certaines administrations, et <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/prevention-difficultes-mandataire-ad-hoc-conciliation\/\">les acteurs de la pr\u00e9vention des difficult\u00e9s des entreprises<\/a>. Elle traduit, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments quantitatifs et qualitatifs, la <strong>capacit<\/strong><strong>\u00e9 d<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong><strong>une entreprise \u00e0 honorer ses engagements financiers \u00e0 court et moyen terme.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #c1d72e;\">\u2014 <\/span><strong>Qu\u2019est-ce que la cotation prend en compte ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Les r\u00e8gles m\u00e9thodologiques de la cotation se basent sur des principes constants. L\u2019analyse prend en compte les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de solvabilit\u00e9, de liquidit\u00e9, la capacit\u00e9 b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire, et l\u2019autonomie financi\u00e8re de l\u2019entreprise (les \u201cfondamentaux\u201d), ainsi que des \u00e9l\u00e9ments qualitatifs. L\u2019analyse int\u00e8gre aussi des indicateurs et des ratios financiers, ainsi que des donn\u00e9es sectorielles.<\/p>\n<p>Les entreprises dont le CA est inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 750 000 \u20ac font l\u2019objet d\u2019une cotation essentiellement automatis\u00e9e, bas\u00e9e sur les donn\u00e9es recueillies par la Banque de France, les informations des greffes et de la centrale des incidents de paiement. Il s\u2019agit donc principalement d\u2019informations sur ses encours de cre\u0301dit, ses e\u0301ventuels incidents de paiement et e\u0301ve\u0301nements judiciaires.<\/p>\n<p>Celles dont le CA est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 750 000 \u20ac (environ 270 000 entreprises) b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une analyse financi\u00e8re et qualitative, \u201c\u00e0 dire d\u2019expert\u201d, plus pouss\u00e9e, conduite par les analystes de la Banque de France. La cotation int\u00e8gre alors les donn\u00e9es comptables et prend en compte l\u2019environnement. Des \u201cscores\u201d peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s en compl\u00e9ment de l\u2019analyse.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #c1d72e;\">\u2014 <\/span><strong>Informations d\u00e9taill\u00e9es sur l<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong><strong>identit<\/strong><strong>\u00e9 de l<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong><strong>entreprise<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>Liens \u00e9conomiques et financiers avec d\u2019autres entit\u00e9s,<\/li>\n<li>Le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, \u00e9v\u00e9nements judiciaires (ou autres) concernant l\u2019entreprise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #c1d72e;\">\u2014 <\/span><strong>En<\/strong><strong>-cours de cr\u00e9<\/strong><strong>dit<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Cr\u00e9dits mobilis\u00e9s, cr\u00e9dits mobilisables et engagements de garantie accord\u00e9s par les \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Incidents de paiement d\u00e9clar\u00e9s par les \u00e9tablissements de cr\u00e9dit<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #c1d72e;\">\u2014 <\/span><strong>Donn<\/strong><strong>\u00e9es qualitatives<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Des entretiens et contacts directs compl\u00e8tent les analyses. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments dits \u00ab qualitatifs \u00bb jouent alors leur r\u00f4le, et influent (favorablement ou d\u00e9favorablement) sur la situation d\u2019une entreprise :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9volution de son march\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>Son positionnement sur ce march\u00e9,<\/li>\n<li>La solidit\u00e9 de l\u2019actionnariat,<\/li>\n<li>La strat\u00e9gie de l\u2019\u00e9quipe dirigeante,<\/li>\n<li>Les perspectives \u00e0 moyen terme,<\/li>\n<li>La transparence de la communication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #c1d72e;\">\u2014 <\/span><strong>Comment se pr\u00e9sente la cotation ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La cotation Banque de France se compose d\u2019une lettre, qui indique la taille de l\u2019entreprise, et d\u2019un chiffre, qui repr\u00e9sente sa cote de cr\u00e9dit. Des changements sur l\u2019\u00e9chelle de cotation ont eu lieu en Janvier 2022 pour affiner la notation, et adapter la m\u00e9thodologie au statut europ\u00e9en de la Banque de France.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Une lettre indique la cote d\u2019activit\u00e9 <\/strong>(taille de l\u2019entreprise fonction du chiffre d\u2019affaires), sur 14 niveaux, de A \u00e0 X :\n<ul>\n<li>A, pour les entreprises dont le CA d\u00e9passe 750 Millions d\u2019\u20ac,<\/li>\n<li>B, pour les entreprises dont le CA se situe entre 150 et 750 Millions d\u2019\u20ac,<\/li>\n<li>etc.<\/li>\n<li>M, pour les entreprises dont le CA est inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 100 000 \u20ac,<\/li>\n<li>N, pour un CA non significatifs (holdings, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>X, pour un CA trop ancien.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Un chiffre repr\u00e9sente sa cote de cr\u00e9dit.<\/strong> Celle-ci se fait maintenant sur 22 niveaux, (contre 13 auparavant), en commen\u00e7ant par \u00ab\u00a01+\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 (Excellente ++), puis :\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a01\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Excellente +<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a01-\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 \u00a0Excellente<\/li>\n<li>etc.<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a06\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 \u00a0Menac\u00e9e,<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a08\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 \u00a0Fortement compromise,<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a0P\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 \u00a0D\u00e9faillante,<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u00a00\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0 \u00a0Non significative.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>(Voir les <a href=\"https:\/\/entreprises.banque-france.fr\/cotation\">tableaux de cotation<\/a> sur le site de la Banque de France)<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #c1d72e;\">\u2014 <\/span><strong>\u00c0 qui s&rsquo;adresse la cotation Banque de France ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>R\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les financeurs, la cotation a un caract\u00e8re confidentiel. L\u2019article L144-1 du Code mon\u00e9taire et financier en d\u00e9finit <strong>strictement<\/strong> les destinataires potentiels\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>l\u2019entreprises elle-m\u00eame (pour sa propre cotation),<\/li>\n<li>les acteurs du financement de l\u2019\u00e9conomie adh\u00e9rents du service FIBEN (Fichier Bancaire des Entreprises),<\/li>\n<li>la Direction des March\u00e9s des Capitaux (DMC), qui s\u00e9lectionne les cr\u00e9ances \u00e9ligibles,<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 de Contr\u00f4le Prudentiel et de R\u00e9solution (ACPR) qui mesure le risque d\u2019engagement des portefeuilles des clients des banques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Les r\u00e9gulateurs des banques reconnaissent la cotation Banque de France. Elle d\u00e9termine par exemple la possibilit\u00e9 pour une banque de refinancer les cr\u00e9dits qu\u2019elle accorde aupr\u00e8s de la BCE (Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne). La cotation peut \u00e9galement lui servir \u00e0 calculer ses fonds propres r\u00e9glementaires (ceux qui sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 son activit\u00e9 de pr\u00eat). Enfin, la cotation Banque de France est aussi utile aux banques pour mesurer leur risque de cr\u00e9dit, car elle tient compte de l\u2019ensemble des engagements bancaires d\u2019une entreprise.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #c1d72e;\">\u2014 <\/span><strong>Un outil pour le chef d\u2019entreprise ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Pour les dirigeants, la cotation repr\u00e9sente un <em>\u201cregard ext\u00e9<\/em><em>rieur et impartial sur la situation \u00e9<\/em><em>conomique et financi\u00e8<\/em><em>re de l<\/em><em>\u2019<\/em><em>entreprise\u201d<\/em>, et qui plus est, gratuit ! Le chef d\u2019entreprise a donc un int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e9vident \u00e0 la franchise lors d\u2019un dialogue avec les analystes de la Banque de France. La transparence rendra service \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise. \u00ab\u00a0<em>Plus le dirigeant donne d<\/em><em>\u2019<\/em><em>informations, plus repr\u00e9sentative sera la cotation<\/em><em>.<\/em>\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>Re\u0301fe\u0301rence commune pour tous les acteurs du financement, la cotation facilite le dialogue entre le pre\u0302teur et l\u2019entreprise. C\u2019est un outil reconnu par la Banque centrale europe\u0301enne et l\u2019Autorite\u0301 bancaire europe\u0301enne.<\/p>\n<p>Cet article vous a int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ? Dites-le nous dans les commentaires ci-apr\u00e8s ! Retrouvez aussi nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/quest-ce-que-le-pret-garanti-par-letat-pge\/\">Qu\u2019est-ce que le pr\u00eat garanti par l\u2019\u00c9tat (PGE) ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/modes-financement-entreprise\/\">Modes de financement qui ne font pas appel aux banques<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/affacturage-assurance-credit\/\">L\u2019affacturage et l\u2019assurance-cr\u00e9dit<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-registre-national-des-entreprises-rne\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Le Registre National des Entreprises (RNE)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La cotation Banque de France est une appr\u00e9ciation de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une entreprise \u00e0 honorer ses engagements financiers. C\u2019est une information pr\u00e9cieuse sur sa solidit\u00e9. La n\u00e9gociation d\u2019une nouvelle ligne de cr\u00e9dit, ou l\u2019obtention de certaines aides, d\u00e9pendent en effet&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":60713,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-60712","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La cotation Banque de France | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La cotation Banque de France est une appr\u00e9ciation de la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une entreprise \u00e0 honorer ses engagements financiers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/la-cotation-banque-de-france\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La cotation Banque de France | Blog Valoxy - 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