{"id":26136,"date":"2019-03-18T00:30:10","date_gmt":"2019-03-17T23:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=26136"},"modified":"2024-06-13T16:02:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T14:02:15","slug":"achat-et-cession-dentreprise-attention-a-la-lettre-dintention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/achat-et-cession-dentreprise-attention-a-la-lettre-dintention\/","title":{"rendered":"La lettre d&rsquo;intention en achat et cession d&rsquo;entreprise"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le cadre d\u2019un rachat d\u2019entreprise, <strong>la lettre d\u2019intention<\/strong>\u00a0formalise par \u00e9crit la volont\u00e9 de son auteur d\u2019engager ou de poursuivre des n\u00e9gociations concernant le rachat de l\u2019entreprise, afin d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 un accord sur sa cession.<\/p>\n<p>Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, explique les raisons de la lettre d\u2019intention, son contenu, et met en garde sur les pi\u00e8ges \u00e0 \u00e9viter.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><div class=\"encadre-style\"><strong>Attention !<\/strong> Le terme <strong>\u00ab\u00a0lettre d\u2019intention\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0 s&rsquo;utilise en droit fran\u00e7ais pour d\u00e9finir une forme de \u00ab s\u00fbret\u00e9 \u00bb, non accessoire, qu\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 m\u00e8re peut donner pour sa fille en vue de garantir un emprunt ou une op\u00e9ration financi\u00e8re. Cet article traite de l\u2019intention d\u2019achat ou de cession d\u2019entreprise, ce qui est tout \u00e0 fait diff\u00e9rent.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span><\/div><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Pourquoi faire une lettre d\u2019intention\u00a0?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>La lettre d\u2019intention fixe le cadre dans lequel devra se d\u00e9rouler l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019acquisition si elle se poursuit jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la cession d\u00e9finitive. Il est donc conseill\u00e9 de \u00ab\u2009balayer\u2009\u00bb le plus possible de points de n\u00e9gociation. Cela \u00e9vitera d\u2019avoir \u00e0 se reposer des questions fondamentales lors de la r\u00e9daction du protocole final, qui ent\u00e9rinera la d\u00e9cision de proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la cession.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La lettre d\u2019intention concerne tant le c\u00e9dant que l\u2019acqu\u00e9reur potentiel. C\u2019est un \u00ab\u00a0avant-contrat\u00a0\u00bb, juridiquement engageant, et elle vise notamment :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c0 faire avancer l\u2019op\u00e9ration et \u00e0 engager les parties \u00e0 mener au mieux les discussions pour essayer \u00ab\u00a0en toute bonne foi\u00bb de parvenir \u00e0 un accord. La lettre d\u2019intention impose cependant une \u00ab\u00a0obligation de moyens\u00a0\u00bb (mais non de r\u00e9sultat\u00a0: les parties doivent faire \u00ab\u00a0tout leur possible\u00a0\u00bb pour arriver \u00e0 un accord).<\/li>\n<li>\u00c0\u00a0prot\u00e9ger les informations sensibles de l\u2019entreprise, en imposant \u00e0 l\u2019acqu\u00e9reur potentiel une obligation de confidentialit\u00e9, ce qui s\u00e9curisera le c\u00e9dant.<\/li>\n<li>\u00c0 s\u00e9curiser la d\u00e9marche de l\u2019acqu\u00e9reur, en imposant au c\u00e9dant une exclusivit\u00e9 dans les n\u00e9gociations. (Le c\u00e9dant ne pourra donc pas n\u00e9gocier la cession avec d\u2019autres personnes pendant une p\u00e9riode d\u00e9finie dans la lettre d\u2019intention).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Que mettre dans la lettre d&rsquo;intention ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Elle doit mentionner :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u2019objet des n\u00e9gociations (description de l\u2019op\u00e9ration d\u2019achat, de cession de titres, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>La d\u00e9finition des personnes morales pr\u00e9sentes lors de la n\u00e9gociation et concern\u00e9es par l&rsquo;accord<\/li>\n<li>Le prix convenu, ou sa d\u00e9termination, et les conditions de paiement.<\/li>\n<li>La dur\u00e9e des n\u00e9gociations, et un calendrier de celles-ci.<\/li>\n<li>Une clause d&rsquo;exclusivit\u00e9 (le c\u00e9dant ne n\u00e9gocie qu\u2019avec un seul acqu\u00e9reur potentiel pendant une p\u00e9riode d\u00e9termin\u00e9e)<\/li>\n<li>Une clause de confidentialit\u00e9\u00a0: les informations financi\u00e8res et commerciales du c\u00e9dant, que celui-ci doit fournir, sont strictement confidentielles (fichier clients, b\u00e9n\u00e9fice, sant\u00e9 de l\u2019entreprise). Aussi l\u2019acqu\u00e9reur s\u2019engage-t-il formellement \u00e0 n\u2019en rien divulguer ou diffuser.<\/li>\n<li>Les conditions de poursuite d&rsquo;activit\u00e9 avant l\u2019acte final (les d\u00e9cisions des actionnaires ou du conseil d\u2019administration qui n\u00e9cessiteraient l\u2019aval des futurs acqu\u00e9reurs, ..)<\/li>\n<li>Des conditions suspensives (absence d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9favorables, audit satisfaisant, garantie de passif, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Le sort r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux c\u00e9dants, et leur salariat futur \u00e9ventuel<\/li>\n<li>La loi applicable, et le tribunal comp\u00e9tent en cas de litige entre les parties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>A quoi engage-t-elle ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Le contenu de la lettre d&rsquo;intention peut parfois avoir valeur d\u2019engagement ferme. En effet, si elle est le plus souvent suivie d\u2019un acte ou d\u2019un protocole de cession, qui d\u00e9finira pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment la transaction finale, la lettre d\u2019intention peut parfois \u00ab obliger \u00bb les parties \u00e0 contracter. Il est donc primordial de bien en r\u00e9diger le texte. (Un juge est toujours libre de \u00ab qualifier \u00bb juridiquement une lettre d\u2019intention diff\u00e9remment de la volont\u00e9 initiale des parties). Ainsi peut-on\u00a0 comparer la lettre d\u2019intention d\u2019un rachat d\u2019entreprise au compromis de vente d\u2019une op\u00e9ration immobili\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>En d&rsquo;autres termes, ce n&rsquo;est pas parce que vous ne remettez qu\u2019une \u00ab lettre d&rsquo;intention \u00bb \u00e0 une personne c\u00e9dant son entreprise que vous ne serez pas oblig\u00e9, \u00e0 terme, d\u2019acqu\u00e9rir cette entreprise. Cependant, la lettre d&rsquo;intention se r\u00e9dige le plus souvent de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 ne pas engager le repreneur tant que le c\u00e9dant ne l&rsquo;a pas non plus strictement accept\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, l&rsquo;engagement d\u00e9finitif n&rsquo;interviendra qu&rsquo;\u00e0 la suite de la ratification d\u2019un protocole d&rsquo;accord. Et ce, lors de la signature des actes et du paiement du prix.<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, une lettre d\u2019intention engage la responsabilit\u00e9 de ses signataires en cas de non-respect. La fa\u00e7on dont elle est r\u00e9dig\u00e9e est donc primordiale, et il est donc n\u00e9cessaire de respecter certaines r\u00e8gles. Le recours \u00e0 un conseil ou \u00e0 un juriste pour sa r\u00e9daction est donc vivement recommand\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Quels sont ses avantages ?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>La lettre d&rsquo;intention permet d&rsquo;aboutir plus rapidement \u00e0 un protocole d&rsquo;accord.<\/li>\n<li>Elle aide \u00e0 d\u00e9finir un cadre juridique et financier, bien souvent repris dans l\u2019acte final.<\/li>\n<li>Et elle est utile pour s&rsquo;assurer qu&rsquo;aucune des parties ne soit l\u00e9s\u00e9e :\n<ul>\n<li>La clause d&rsquo;exclusivit\u00e9 au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de l\u2019acqu\u00e9reur potentiel<\/li>\n<li>La clause de confidentialit\u00e9 au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice du c\u00e9dant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Elle \u00ab officialise \u00bb la candidature de l\u2019acqu\u00e9reur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pour plus d\u2019informations sur l\u2019achat ou la cession de votre entreprise, retrouvez nos articles sur le blog Valoxy\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/preparer-reprise-entreprise\/\">Se pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 la reprise d\u2019entreprise<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/questionnaire-preparation-cession-dentreprise\/\">Notre questionnaire pour pr\u00e9parer votre cession d\u2019entreprise<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/reprise-d-entrerise-05122014avalsebhau1\/\">Reprise d\u2019entreprise \u2013 10 \u00e9l\u00e9ments hors bilan \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/reprise-entreprise\/\">La reprise<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dans le cadre d\u2019un rachat d\u2019entreprise, la lettre d\u2019intention\u00a0formalise par \u00e9crit la volont\u00e9 de son auteur d\u2019engager ou de poursuivre des n\u00e9gociations concernant le rachat de l\u2019entreprise, afin d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 un accord sur sa cession. Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La lettre d&#039;intention en achat et cession d&#039;entreprise | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La lettre d\u2019intention formalise par \u00e9crit la volont\u00e9 de son auteur d\u2019engager ou de poursuivre des n\u00e9gociations concernant le rachat de l\u2019entreprise\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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