{"id":22656,"date":"2018-06-22T00:30:22","date_gmt":"2018-06-21T22:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=22656"},"modified":"2025-08-01T10:34:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T08:34:25","slug":"22656-2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/","title":{"rendered":"La protection sociale collective"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La protection sociale collective comprend l\u2019ensemble des m\u00e9canismes mis en place par la collectivit\u00e9, \u00e0 quelque niveau que ce soit. (\u00c9tat, d\u00e9partement, municipalit\u00e9, etc.). Ces m\u00e9canismes doivent permettre \u00e0 tous de faire face financi\u00e8rement aux effets des risques sociaux et de la vie. (perte d\u2019emploi, maladie, invalidit\u00e9, vieillesse, perte d\u2019autonomie, etc.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Apr\u00e8s la g\u00e9n\u00e9ralisation des retraites, dans les ann\u00e9es 30, puis d\u2019une couverture sant\u00e9 avec la cr\u00e9ation<\/span> de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale en 1945, et enfin de l\u2019Assurance ch\u00f4mage en 1958, la \u00ab politique sociale \u00bb fran\u00e7aise a progressivement instaur\u00e9 d\u2019autres protections contre la pr\u00e9carit\u00e9. Ainsi, en s\u2019adaptant aux transformations de l\u2019environnement \u00e9conomique et social (mont\u00e9e du ch\u00f4mage, vieillissement de la population, d\u00e9veloppement exponentiel de la demande d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux soins, recompositions familiales, mont\u00e9e de l\u2019emploi f\u00e9minin, d\u00e9ficits de couverture, etc.), les gouvernements successifs ont mis en place des \u00ab protections \u00bb particuli\u00e8res, de plus en plus nombreuses.<\/p>\n<p>Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, revient dans cet article :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sur les termes employ\u00e9s (de quoi parle-t-on ?)<\/li>\n<li>et sur les <u>d\u00e9finitions<\/u> de la protection sociale collective, issue de la politique de l&rsquo;action sociale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><\/h4>\n<h4><strong><u>L\u2019action sociale<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ce sont tous les moyens l\u00e9gislatifs et r\u00e9glementaires qui mettent en oeuvre la \u00ab politique sociale \u00bb du pays. Ces moyens existent\u00a0 pour \u00ab <em>aider les personnes les plus fragiles \u00e0 mieux vivre <\/em><em>et <\/em><em>\u00e0 s\u2019adapter au milieu social environnant\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;action sociale est l\u2019expression m\u00eame de l\u2019\u00c9tat-providence (welfare-state). Elle se structure autour des principes de l\u2019<u>assurance<\/u> (pour mutualiser les risques), de la <u>protection universelle<\/u> (pour couvrir certaines d\u00e9penses pour tous), et de l\u2019<u>assistance<\/u> aux plus d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><u>Les prestations sociales<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Une prestation de protection sociale est un transfert financier qu&rsquo;un organisme public effectue vers une personne (ou un m\u00e9nage). Il s&rsquo;agit de couvrir ou r\u00e9duire des d\u00e9penses <strong>d\u00e9finies par la collectivit\u00e9<\/strong>, dans les risques touchant \u00e0 la sant\u00e9, la vieillesse, le ch\u00f4mage, la famille, la pauvret\u00e9 et le logement.\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">En France, la grande majorit\u00e9 de ces prestations sont dites \u00ab\u00a0contributives\u00a0\u00bb, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire qu\u2019elles correspondent \u00e0 une cotisation, pay\u00e9e par l\u2019int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ou la collectivit\u00e9, pour financer ces prestations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong><u>Les minima sociaux<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Les minima sociaux sont des aides, vers\u00e9es sous conditions de ressources. Elles ont pour objectif d\u2019assurer un revenu minimal aux personnes en situation de pr\u00e9carit\u00e9 et\/ou d\u2019exclusion, pour leur permettre de vivre. Ils proc\u00e8dent de la solidarit\u00e9 nationale.<\/p>\n<p>Il existe actuellement <strong>dix<\/strong> minima sociaux diff\u00e9rents, qui ne sont pas tous destin\u00e9s aux m\u00eames cat\u00e9gories de population\u00a0: travailleurs pauvres, personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, handicap\u00e9es, demandeurs d\u2019asile, ch\u00f4meurs de tr\u00e8s longue dur\u00e9e, d\u00e9partements d\u2019outre-mer, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Au total, pr\u00e8s de 5\u00a0millions de personnes touchent ces allocations qui permettent d\u2019assurer un minimum de ressources pour vivre.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><u>Les aides sociales<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Les aides sociales sont des prestations sociales qui ont pour objectif de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des besoins sp\u00e9cifiques, pour prendre en charge certaines d\u00e9penses, ou faciliter un acc\u00e8s au soins, faire valoir ses droits en justice, acc\u00e9der \u00e0 un logement, etc. L\u2019\u00c9tat et les organismes publics versent ces aides, qui r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 des crit\u00e8res de ressources.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><u>Les aides sociales l\u00e9gales<\/u> compensent certains d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres financiers. Ceux-ci sont dus \u00e0 la maladie, \u00e0 la vieillesse ou aux handicaps. Leurs conditions d\u2019attribution r\u00e9sultent de dispositions l\u00e9gislatives ou r\u00e9glementaires. Les CCAS (Centres Communaux d\u2019Action Sociale) ou les Centres intercommunaux sont en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral charg\u00e9s de constituer les dossiers de demande. Ils les transmettent au repr\u00e9sentant de l\u2019Etat ou au Pr\u00e9sident du Conseil G\u00e9n\u00e9ral pour instruction et d\u00e9cision.<\/li>\n<li><u>Les aides sociales \u00ab\u00a0facultatives\u00a0\u00bb<\/u> sont des soutiens ponctuels, en esp\u00e8ces ou en nature, remboursables ou non. Elles sont propos\u00e9s par l\u2019\u00c9tat, les d\u00e9partements et les communes. Elles s&rsquo;accordent \u00e0 des fins sp\u00e9cifiques, sous conditions de r\u00e9sidence. Ces aides interviennent en compl\u00e9ment des dispositifs l\u00e9gaux (allocations familiales, RSA, etc.). Elles ne constituent pas un droit automatique, et doivent faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une <strong>demande, <\/strong>comme\n<ul>\n<li>l\u2019Aide Sociale \u00e0 l\u2019Enfance (qui d\u00e9pend du d\u00e9partement),<\/li>\n<li>les Centres d\u2019H\u00e9bergement et de R\u00e9insertion Sociale (CHRS) (qui d\u00e9pendent de l\u2019\u00c9tat),<\/li>\n<li>ou encore les transport scolaire, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la culture, l\u2019aide \u00e0 la cantine scolaire, etc., qui d\u00e9pendent des communes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Comme les minima sociaux, les aides sociales sp\u00e9cifiques, vers\u00e9es sans contrepartie de cotisations, sont des \u00ab\u00a0prestations sociales non contributives\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><u>Les organismes de protection sociale collective<\/u><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Les organismes de gestion sociale sont les \u00e9tablissements publics qui <strong>g\u00e8rent<\/strong> la protection sociale.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><u>La S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale (SS)<\/u><\/strong>, qui se divise entre les branches<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>sant\u00e9, avec la Caisse Nationale d\u2019Assurance Maladie (CNAM-TS),<\/li>\n<li>famille, avec la Caisse Nationale d\u2019Allocations Familiales (CNAF),<\/li>\n<li>vieillesse, avec la Caisse Nationale d\u2019Assurance Vieillesse (CNAV),<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>ainsi que<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>le r\u00e9gime social agricole, Mutualit\u00e9 Sociale Agricole (MSA),<\/li>\n<li>la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sociale des Ind\u00e9pendants, l\u2019ex RSI, progressivement inclus dans le r\u00e9gime g\u00e9n\u00e9ral.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Et toutes leurs d\u00e9clinaisons et caisses locales, CPAM, CAF, URSSAF, CARSAT, CICAS, etc.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><u>Les r\u00e9gimes sp\u00e9ciaux<\/u><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong><u>L\u2019UNEDIC<\/u><\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> qui g\u00e8re l\u2019assurance ch\u00f4mage avec P\u00f4le emploi<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Les CCAS (Centre Communal d\u2019Action Sociale)<\/u><\/strong> sont en charge de constituer les dossiers de demande d\u2019aides sociales. Ils les transmettent (au repr\u00e9sentant de l\u2019Etat ou au Pr\u00e9sident du Conseil G\u00e9n\u00e9ral) pour instruction et d\u00e9cision.<\/p>\n<p>Mais on pourrait aussi int\u00e9grer dans cette liste les <strong>offices publics d\u2019HLM.<\/strong> Leur\u00a0 vocation \u00ab sociale \u00bb est en effet inscrite dans la loi. De m\u00eame que les EPSMS (\u00e9tablissements publics sociaux ou m\u00e9dico-sociaux), etc.<\/p>\n<p>Pour plus d\u2019informations concernant la protection sociale collective, retrouvez nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/prestations-aides-sociales-y-avez-vous-droit\/\">Prestations sociales : y avez-vous droit ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/revenu-de-solidarite-active\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Le revenu de solidarit\u00e9 active (RSA)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/revenu-universel-comment-ca-marche\/\">Le revenu universel, comment \u00e7a marche\u00a0?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/bon-plan-un-dirigeant-createur-beneficier-rsa-05152014avallau01\/\">Un dirigeant (ou cr\u00e9ateur) qui ne se r\u00e9mun\u00e8re pas peut b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier du RSA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/grille-de-classification-unique-dans-la-metallurgie\/\">La nouvelle grille de classification unique dans la M\u00e9tallurgie<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La protection sociale collective comprend l\u2019ensemble des m\u00e9canismes mis en place par la collectivit\u00e9, \u00e0 quelque niveau que ce soit. (\u00c9tat, d\u00e9partement, municipalit\u00e9, etc.). Ces m\u00e9canismes doivent permettre \u00e0 tous de faire face financi\u00e8rement aux effets des risques sociaux et&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-rh"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La protection sociale collective | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La protection sociale collective comprend l\u2019ensemble des m\u00e9canismes mis en place par la collectivit\u00e9 (\u00c9tat, d\u00e9partement, municipalit\u00e9, etc.) pour permettre \u00e0 tous de faire face aux risques sociaux et de la vie.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La protection sociale collective | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La protection sociale collective comprend l\u2019ensemble des m\u00e9canismes mis en place par la collectivit\u00e9 (\u00c9tat, d\u00e9partement, municipalit\u00e9, etc.) pour permettre \u00e0 tous de faire face aux risques sociaux et de la vie.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Valoxy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-06-21T22:30:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-01T08:34:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/protection-sociale-e1620203574534-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"495\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Expert-comptable Valoxy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Expert-comptable Valoxy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Expert-comptable Valoxy\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d285f250195f45509ceac046366fcc4a\"},\"headline\":\"La protection sociale collective\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-06-21T22:30:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-08-01T08:34:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/\"},\"wordCount\":1049,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/protection-sociale-e1620203574534-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Social-rh\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/\",\"name\":\"La protection sociale collective | Blog Valoxy - 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