{"id":20798,"date":"2017-07-20T00:30:00","date_gmt":"2017-07-19T22:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=20798"},"modified":"2025-10-19T17:46:30","modified_gmt":"2025-10-19T15:46:30","slug":"prevention-sante-securite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/prevention-sante-securite\/","title":{"rendered":"La pr\u00e9vention en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au travail"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019employeur est soumis \u00e0 de nombreuses <strong>obligations de pr\u00e9vention<\/strong> au sein de l&rsquo;entreprise. Notamment en ce qui concerne<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>le respect des conditions d\u2019<strong>hygi\u00e8ne<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>la protection de la<strong> sant\u00e9,<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>la<strong> s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/strong> des salari\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit, pour lui, d\u2019une <strong>obligation de r\u00e9sultat<\/strong>, et non pas simplement d&rsquo;une obligation de moyens.<\/p>\n<p>Cette protection est assur\u00e9e par de nombreuses <strong>mesures de pr\u00e9vention<\/strong> et d\u2019am\u00e9nagement de l\u2019espace. S\u2019il ne respecte pas ces r\u00e8gles, l\u2019employeur pourra engager sa responsabilit\u00e9. Le Code du travail, mais aussi l&rsquo;organisation de l&rsquo;entreprise (l&rsquo;encadrement), les instances repr\u00e9sentatives du personnel (CHSCT), le m\u00e9decin du travail, et les acteurs ext\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 l&rsquo;entreprise (Inspecteur du travail, CARSAT) participent au suivi et au contr\u00f4le de ces obligations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Valoxy, cabinet d&rsquo;expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France,<\/strong> fait le point sur toutes ces obligations.<\/p>\n<h2>Les employeurs concern\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit\u00a0des <strong>employeurs du secteur priv\u00e9<\/strong>, et, sous conditions, des <strong>\u00e9tablissements publics \u00e0 caract\u00e8re industriel et commercial<\/strong> (Epic) et des <strong>\u00e9tablissements publics \u00e0 caract\u00e8re administratif<\/strong> (Epa) employant du personnel sous contrat de droit priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h2>Les diff\u00e9rentes mesures de pr\u00e9vention<\/h2>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19712 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/accident-du-travail-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u00e9valuation pr\u00e9vention des risques\" width=\"275\" height=\"183\" \/>L&rsquo;obligation de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 porte sur la pr\u00e9vention des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles mais elle concerne, \u00e9galement, tous les risques auxquels le salari\u00e9 peut \u00eatre expos\u00e9 au travail.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019employeur, pour respecter son obligation, doit <strong>informer<\/strong>\u00a0les salari\u00e9s, et mettre en place des formations sur la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Dans tous les cas, ces mesures doivent avoir, notamment, pour but\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>D\u2019\u00e9viter les risques (ergonomie des postes de travail, antid\u00e9rapants, tenue de travail protectrice, mesures d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne, etc),<\/li>\n<li>De tenir compte de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la technique (nouveaux outils ou proc\u00e9d\u00e9s moins dangereux, simplification des t\u00e2ches),<\/li>\n<li>De donner les instructions appropri\u00e9es aux travailleurs : <span class=\"s2\">ce sont toutes les consignes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, g\u00e9n\u00e9rales (l\u2019affichage obligatoire) ou li\u00e9es \u00e0 un poste de travail particulier<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des risques<\/h2>\n<p>En plus de ces mesures de pr\u00e9vention, l&#8217;employeur doit, en fonction des activit\u00e9s de son entreprise, <strong>\u00e9valuer les risques<\/strong> pour les salari\u00e9s, et notamment les risques qui ne peuvent pas \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9s, ceux des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de fabrication, des postes de travail, etc.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;employeur doit, obligatoirement, r\u00e9pertorier les r\u00e9sultats de cette \u00e9valuation dans\u00a0<a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/document-unique-devaluation-risques-professionnels-duerp\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">le document unique d\u2019\u00e9valuation des risques professionnels (DUERP ou EvRP).<\/a> Le DUERP doit \u00eatre actualis\u00e9 au moins une fois par an. Il peut \u00eatre consult\u00e9 par les salari\u00e9s, les repr\u00e9sentants du personnel, et l&rsquo;inspecteur du travail.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mkd-pt-two-excerpt\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\">Depuis la mise en place d&rsquo;un protocole sanitaire en entreprise pour faire face \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19, il est imp\u00e9ratif de mettre \u00e0 jour le document unique d&rsquo;\u00e9valuation des risques de l&rsquo;entreprise (DUER).<\/div>\n<h2>La responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019employeur<\/h2>\n<p>L\u2019<strong>inspecteur du travail<\/strong> peut contr\u00f4ler \u00e0 tout moment les mesures prises par l\u2019employeur. Il peut ainsi obliger l\u2019employeur \u00e0 en prendre de nouvelles, ou prescrire lui m\u00eame de nouvelles mesures qui lui semblent utiles. Voir aussi nos articles <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/canicule\/\">Canicule et travail<\/a>, et <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/interdit-de-fumer\/\">Interdit de fumer sur le lieu de travail !<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"> En cas de risque s\u00e9rieux d&rsquo;atteinte \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique d&rsquo;un travailleur, il peut saisir le juge des r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s. <\/div>\n<p>Dans tous les cas, l\u2019employeur, qui ne respecte pas ses obligations, engage sa responsabilit\u00e9 civile en cas d&rsquo;accident du travail ou de maladie professionnelle du salari\u00e9. Il est \u00e9galement passible de sanctions p\u00e9nales.<\/p>\n<h2>Le droit d\u2019alerte et de retrait du salari\u00e9<\/h2>\n<p>Le salari\u00e9, qui a un <strong>motif raisonnable<\/strong> de penser que sa situation de travail pr\u00e9sente un danger grave et imminent pour sa vie ou sa sant\u00e9, dispose d&rsquo;un<strong> droit d\u2019alerte et de retrait<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-18889 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/vision-1-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"pr\u00e9vention danger grave\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/vision-1-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/vision-1-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/vision-1-45x45.jpg 45w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/vision-1.jpg 750w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Pour prouver la dangerosit\u00e9 de l\u2019activit\u00e9, il faut \u00ab\u00a0 <em>un danger susceptible de produire un accident ou une maladie entra\u00eenant la mort ou paraissant devoir entra\u00eener une incapacit\u00e9 permanente ou temporaire prolong\u00e9e<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0<em>susceptible de se r\u00e9aliser brutalement dans un d\u00e9lai rapproch\u00e9<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Quand il utilise son droit de retrait, le salari\u00e9 doit alerter sans d\u00e9lai son employeur du danger. Il peut aussi s&rsquo;adresser aux repr\u00e9sentants du personnel ou au CHSCT.<\/p>\n<p>Il a le droit d&rsquo;arr\u00eater son travail sans l&rsquo;accord de son employeur. Si n\u00e9cessaire, il peut quitter son lieu de travail pour se mettre en s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Aucune sanction, ni retenue de salaire ne peut \u00eatre prise par l&#8217;employeur sauf si le salari\u00e9 n\u2019a pas exerc\u00e9 son droit de mani\u00e8re l\u00e9gitime. (Voir nos articles <span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/droit-de-retrait\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Le droit de retrait<\/span><\/a> et <\/span><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-droit-dalerte\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Le droit d\u2019alerte dans l\u2019entreprise<\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, pour assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la sant\u00e9 de ses salari\u00e9s, l\u2019employeur doit de respecter nombreuses obligations. En cas de doutes, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 contacter notre service juridique.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Plus d\u2019informations ? Consultez nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/medecin-du-travail\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Le m\u00e9decin du travail<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/inspection-du-travail-definition\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Qu\u2019est ce que l\u2019inspection du travail ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/declarer-accident-travail\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Comment d\u00e9clarer un accident du travail ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-registre-des-accidents-de-travail-benins\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Le registre des accidents de travail b\u00e9nins<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-defibrillateur-dae-en-entreprise\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Le d\u00e9fibrillateur (DAE) en entreprise<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/prevention-des-risques-ergonomiques\/\">Pr\u00e9vention des risques ergonomiques<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/quest-ce-que-la-fiche-de-prevention-des-expositions-a-des-facteurs-de-risques-professionnels\/\"><span class=\"s3\">La fiche de pr\u00e9vention des expositions \u00e0 des facteurs de risques professionnels<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019employeur est soumis \u00e0 de nombreuses obligations de pr\u00e9vention au sein de l&rsquo;entreprise. Notamment en ce qui concerne le respect des conditions d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, la protection de la sant\u00e9, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des salari\u00e9s. Il s&rsquo;agit, pour lui, d\u2019une obligation de r\u00e9sultat,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16717,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-rh"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La pr\u00e9vention en mati\u00e8re de sant\u00e9 et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au travail<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019employeur est soumis \u00e0 de nombreuses obligations de pr\u00e9vention, au sein de l&#039;entreprise, notamment en ce qui concerne le respect des conditions d\u2019hygi\u00e8ne, la protection de la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des salari\u00e9s. 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