{"id":19331,"date":"2017-02-10T00:30:13","date_gmt":"2017-02-09T23:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=19331"},"modified":"2024-09-26T17:01:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T15:01:48","slug":"revenu-universel-comment-ca-marche","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/revenu-universel-comment-ca-marche\/","title":{"rendered":"Le revenu universel, comment \u00e7a marche\u00a0?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le candidat du Parti Socialiste en lice pour la pr\u00e9sidentielle\u00a0le mentionne dans son programme. La Finlande est le premier pays d\u2019Europe \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter aupr\u00e8s de 2\u00a0000 de ses citoyens\u00a0:<strong> le revenu universel<\/strong> est la grande tendance du moment\u00a0!<\/p>\n<p>Mais derri\u00e8re cette mesure, <strong>pr\u00f4n\u00e9e par certains, d\u00e9cri\u00e9e par d\u2019autres<\/strong> <em>(lors d\u2019une interview, Michel Sapin disait du revenu universel qu\u2019il \u00ab\u00a0incitait \u00e0 l\u2019oisivet\u00e9 et \u00e0 la paresse\u00a0\u00bb),<\/em> se cache une v\u00e9ritable philosophie, voire un mod\u00e8le de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u2019est-ce que le revenu universel et comment fonctionne-t-il\u00a0? O\u00f9 en sommes-nous exactement dans sa mise en \u0153uvre\u00a0?\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, fait pour vous un tour d\u2019horizon.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Le principe du revenu universel<\/h2>\n<h2>D\u00e9finition<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18887 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/recherche.jpg\" alt=\"Le revenu universel qu'est ce que c'est ?\" width=\"178\" height=\"146\" \/>Le revenu universel se d\u00e9finit comme <strong>une somme vers\u00e9e \u00e0 tous les citoyens d\u2019un \u00c9tat, sans condition de revenu et quels que soient leur situation sociale et le niveau de leur patrimoine<\/strong>. Il vise \u00e0 se substituer aux allocations sociales et il s\u2019ajoute aux autres revenus per\u00e7us, sans aucune r\u00e9\u00e9valuation. En bref, il s\u2019apparente \u00e0 un salaire minimum \u00e0 vie, vers\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e0 l\u2019ensemble de ses citoyens.<\/p>\n<p>Son b\u00e9n\u00e9fice direct, selon les soutiens au principe, serait double\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>une simplification du syst\u00e8me social actuel<\/strong> consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme trop bureaucratique dans de nombreux pays<\/li>\n<li><strong>l\u2019augmentation du niveau de vie g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/strong> des citoyens<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>On parle \u00e9galement de revenu de base, de revenu d\u2019existence ou d\u2019allocation de base pour \u00e9voquer le revenu universel.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Plus qu\u2019une simple mesure, le revenu universel semblerait selon ses d\u00e9fenseurs, \u00eatre une v\u00e9ritable philosophie<\/p>\n<h3>R\u00e9volution soci\u00e9tale ou leurre ?<\/h3>\n<p>Mais au-del\u00e0 des effets directs de la mesure, les adh\u00e9rents au concept l&rsquo;envisagent comme<strong> un v\u00e9ritable bouleversement des mod\u00e8les soci\u00e9taux actuels<\/strong>. D\u2019abord, il supprimerait<strong> les pressions financi\u00e8res<\/strong> sur certains actifs, <strong>contraints d\u2019accepter un travail mal pay\u00e9 pour subvenir \u00e0 leurs besoins.<\/strong> Le revenu universel r\u00e9\u00e9quilibrerait ainsi de mani\u00e8re indirecte l\u2019offre et la demande de travail vers une augmentation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des salaires.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-507 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-best-of-the-best-in-camping-gear-e1620222759419-1.jpg\" alt=\"Le revenu universel qu'est ce que c'est ?\" width=\"230\" height=\"128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-best-of-the-best-in-camping-gear-e1620222759419-1.jpg 700w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/the-best-of-the-best-in-camping-gear-e1620222759419-1-300x167.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/>Dans le m\u00eame ordre d&rsquo;id\u00e9e, il assurerait aux citoyens la libert\u00e9 financi\u00e8re pour choisir leur dessein professionnel et s\u2019\u00e9panouir dans des projets pour lesquels ils sont les plus sensibles\u00a0; favorisant la cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et l\u2019innovation au sein de nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s (selon les philosophes John Rawls &#8211; \u00c9tats-Unis et Philippe Van Parijs &#8211; Belgique).<\/p>\n<p>Par son absence de conditions pour le percevoir, il est aussi vu comme une mani\u00e8re de ne pas stigmatiser les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires d\u2019allocations (selon l\u2019entrepreneur allemand G\u00f6tz Werner).<\/p>\n<h2>Pourquoi certaines voix s\u2019y opposent ?<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18891 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/arret-1.jpg\" alt=\"Le revenu universel qu'est ce que c'est ?\" width=\"151\" height=\"133\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/arret-1.jpg 750w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/arret-1-300x264.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 151px) 100vw, 151px\" \/>Si le concept du revenu universel s\u00e9duit certaines franges de la population, il est aussi rejet\u00e9 par d\u2019autres qui y voient<strong> un syst\u00e8me d\u2019assistanat renforc\u00e9 et une incitation \u00e0 rester sans emploi<\/strong> plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 travailler, voire m\u00eame \u00ab\u00a0<em>une incitation \u00e0 l\u2019oisivet\u00e9 et \u00e0 la paresse<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb, comme le mentionnait le ministre des Finances Michel Sapin en novembre 2016 lors d\u2019une interview sur France Info.<\/p>\n<h2>O\u00f9 en sommes-nous ?<\/h2>\n<p>Il y a les d\u00e9bats, les courants de pens\u00e9e, les pour et les contre&#8230; Et il y a la Finlande, qui exp\u00e9rimente le revenu universel depuis le 1<sup>er<\/sup> janvier 2017. Sur 5.5 millions d\u2019habitants, <strong>2\u00a0000 personnes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u00e9sormais de 560 euros par mois pendant deux ann\u00e9es de test<\/strong>, et ce quelle que soit l\u2019\u00e9volution de leurs revenus professionnels et de leur patrimoine durant cette p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-16419 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/tresorerie-dentreprise-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"Le revenu universel qu'est ce que c'est ?\" width=\"155\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/tresorerie-dentreprise-1-1.jpg 320w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/tresorerie-dentreprise-1-1-300x220.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/>L\u2019objectif est d<strong>\u2019observer les comportements des citoyens<\/strong> face \u00e0 ce nouveau mode d\u2019intervention de l\u2019\u00c9tat et de v\u00e9rifier si, oui ou non, le versement d\u2019un revenu universel influera sur leurs prises de d\u00e9cisions, en mati\u00e8re de recherche d\u2019un emploi en cas de ch\u00f4mage, d\u2019\u00e9volution de carri\u00e8re professionnelle, de cr\u00e9ation d\u2019entreprise&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>La Finlande est le premier pays europ\u00e9en \u00e0 exp\u00e9rimenter le revenu universel sur une tranche de sa population, mais d\u2019autres \u00c9tats ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 saut\u00e9 le pas. Citons l\u2019Ontario (Canada), l\u2019Alaska (\u00c9tats-Unis) ou la R\u00e9publique de Singapour (Asie du Sud-est).<\/p>\n<h2>Et en France, o\u00f9 en sommes-nous ?<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-18885 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/recherche-idee-2.jpg\" alt=\"Le revenu universel qu'est ce que c'est ?\" width=\"165\" height=\"103\" \/>La France en est pour l\u2019instant au stade des d\u00e9bats. Le candidat du Parti Socialiste (PS) \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidentielle Beno\u00eet Hamon \u00e9voque dans son programme le revenu universel d\u2019existence. Il s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8verait <strong>\u00e0 750 euros et serait destin\u00e9, \u00e0 terme, \u00e0 tous les citoyens, en substitution des minima sociaux<\/strong>, sans r\u00e9\u00e9valuer le niveau des pensions retraite et des allocations ch\u00f4mage.<\/p>\n<p>Le revenu universel d\u2019existence passerait par une \u00e9tape transitoire de revalorisation du RSA \u00e0 600 euros. Celui-ci serait vers\u00e9 \u00e0 tous les ayants-droit de ces prestations sociales, sans condition d\u2019\u00e2ge.<\/p>\n<p>Selon le candidat du PS, le co\u00fbt de la mise en place du revenu universel \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 celui du Cr\u00e9dit d\u2019Imp\u00f4t pour la Comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 et l\u2019Emploi\u00a0 <em>(environ 20 milliards d\u2019euros)<\/em> alors que les opposants l\u2019estiment entre 300 et 400 milliards d\u2019euros.<\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\">Pour ou contre le revenu universel\u00a0? Et vous, qu\u2019en pensez-vous\u00a0?<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Pour plus d\u2019informations sur la protection sociale, consultez nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/prestations-aides-sociales-y-avez-vous-droit\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Prestations sociales : y avez-vous droit ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/22656-2-2\/\"><span class=\"s5\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la protection sociale collective ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/revenu-de-solidarite-active\/\"><span class=\"s5\">Le revenu de solidarit\u00e9 active (RSA)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/bon-plan-un-dirigeant-createur-beneficier-rsa-05152014avallau01\/\"><span class=\"s5\">Un dirigeant (ou cr\u00e9ateur) qui ne se r\u00e9mun\u00e8re pas peut b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier du RSA<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le candidat du Parti Socialiste en lice pour la pr\u00e9sidentielle\u00a0le mentionne dans son programme. La Finlande est le premier pays d\u2019Europe \u00e0 l\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter aupr\u00e8s de 2\u00a0000 de ses citoyens\u00a0: le revenu universel est la grande tendance du moment\u00a0! Mais derri\u00e8re&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11087,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-rh"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Le revenu universel, comment \u00e7a marche\u00a0?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A l&#039;heure ou ces lignes sont r\u00e9dig\u00e9es, le revenu universel s&#039;invite dans la campagne pr\u00e9sidentielle \u00e0 venir. mais de quoi parle t-on au juste ?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/revenu-universel-comment-ca-marche\/\" 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