{"id":14704,"date":"2016-09-23T00:30:40","date_gmt":"2016-09-22T22:30:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=14704"},"modified":"2025-09-11T15:34:11","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T13:34:11","slug":"responsabilite-environnementale-attention-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-environnementale-attention-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"La responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le principe de responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir tout dommage et toute menace imminente contre l\u2019environnement. L\u2019environnement et sa protection sont en effet devenus, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des enjeux majeurs, notamment pour les entreprises.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Face aux risques environnementaux induits par l\u2019activit\u00e9 de certaines soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, le l\u00e9gislateur a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le principe de responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale. <\/strong>En cas de dommage, <strong>l\u2019exploitant devra r\u00e9parer les cons\u00e9quences.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Valoxy,\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France,\u00a0<\/span>vous \u00e9claire aujourd\u2019hui sur la responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale des exploitants.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">I. La responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale : le dommage environnemental<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Le dommage caus\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019environnement ou \u00e9galement la menace imminente de dommage<\/strong> caus\u00e9e par l\u2019activit\u00e9 de l\u2019exploitant est un dommage\u00a0 <strong>environnemental.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il doit pouvoir \u00eatre <strong>qualifi\u00e9 de grave<\/strong> mais, aujourd\u2019hui, ni le droit fran\u00e7ais ni le droit europ\u00e9en n\u2019ont pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment d\u00e9fini le degr\u00e9 de gravit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration directe et indirecte mesurable de l\u2019environnement constitue un dommage ou un risque imminent de dommage. <strong>Cette d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration doit d\u00e9couler de l\u2019une des cat\u00e9gories suivantes :<\/strong> <img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-13678 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Economie-verte-1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"dommage environnemental\" width=\"331\" height=\"186\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Cr\u00e9er un risque d\u2019atteinte grave \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 humaine du fait de la contamination des sols<\/li>\n<li>Affecter gravement l\u2019\u00e9tat des eaux<\/li>\n<li>Affecter gravement le maintien ou le r\u00e9tablissement de certaines esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oiseaux, leurs habitats, les sites de reproduction et aires de repos<\/li>\n<li>Et affecter les fonctions des sols, eaux, esp\u00e8ces et habitats au d\u00e9triment d\u2019une de ces ressources naturelles ou du public.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>La r\u00e9glementation a toutefois exclu du dispositif un certain nombre de dommages :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Pollution diffuse sans lien de causalit\u00e9 entre dommage et activit\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>Dommage dont le fait g\u00e9n\u00e9rateur est \u00e9tabli avant le 30\/04\/2007 ou ayant cess\u00e9 avant cette date<\/li>\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">II. La personne responsable du dommage<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La personne responsable est l\u2019exploitant : <strong>il s\u2019agit de toute personne physique ou morale, publique ou priv\u00e9e, qui exerce ou contr\u00f4le effectivement, \u00e0 titre professionnel, une activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique lucrative ou non lucrative.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Toutes les activit\u00e9s sont donc potentiellement concern\u00e9es. En revanche, un particulier non professionnel ne le sera pas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019exploitant engage sa responsabilit\u00e9 :<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Y compris s\u2019il ne commet aucune faute ou n\u00e9gligence,<\/strong> d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019il cause un dommage \u00e0 l\u2019environnement via son activit\u00e9 si elle est mentionn\u00e9e dans le Code de l\u2019environnement<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pour faute pour les dommages aux esp\u00e8ces d\u2019oiseaux et leurs habitats par une activit\u00e9 professionnelle non mentionn\u00e9e dans le Code.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">III. Les mesures de pr\u00e9vention et de r\u00e9paration<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\">A. La pr\u00e9vention<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>En cas de menace imminente,<\/strong> l\u2019exploitant doit prendre sans d\u00e9lai et \u00e0 ses frais, les mesures de pr\u00e9vention dans le but d\u2019emp\u00eacher la r\u00e9alisation du dommage ou d\u2019en limiter ses effets.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>En cas de dommages, l\u2019exploitant informe l\u2019autorit\u00e9 comp\u00e9tente<\/strong>, le pr\u00e9fet de d\u00e9partement ou le pr\u00e9fet coordinateur si cela touche plusieurs d\u00e9partements, et prend les mesures n\u00e9cessaires.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\">B. La r\u00e9paration<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-13375 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/03\/r\u00e9diger-un-courrier-7-gimp-70-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"mesures de r\u00e9paration dommage environnemental\" width=\"289\" height=\"217\" \/><\/strong>L\u2019autorit\u00e9 comp\u00e9tente, pr\u00e9fet de d\u00e9partement ou coordinateur, va <strong>\u00e9valuer la nature et les cons\u00e9quences du dommage.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>L\u2019exploitant soumet \u00e0 l\u2019approbation de cette autorit\u00e9 les mesures qu\u2019il envisage. Ces propositions sont ensuite soumises \u00e0 avis<\/strong> des collectivit\u00e9s territoriales ou de leur groupement, des \u00e9tablissements et associations de protection de l\u2019environnement concern\u00e9s et de toute personne susceptible d\u2019\u00eatre affect\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En cas de contamination des sols, les mesures doivent supprimer tout risque d\u2019atteinte grave \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 humaine. (en tenant compte de l\u2019usage du site). Il faut aussi envisager la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration naturelle du sol.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>En cas de dommages affectant les eaux, les oiseaux et leurs habitats, les mesures doivent :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u00e9liminer tout risque d\u2019atteinte grave \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 humaine<\/li>\n<li>r\u00e9tablir les ressources naturelles et leurs services \u00e9cologiques dans leur \u00e9tat initial.<\/li>\n<li>Des mesures compl\u00e9mentaires seront mises en \u0153uvre en cas d\u2019insuffisance des premi\u00e8res mesures.<\/li>\n<li>Des mesures de r\u00e9parations compensatoires doivent venir corriger les pertes interm\u00e9diaires survenues entre le dommage et la r\u00e9paration. Elles ne peuvent toutefois se traduire par une compensation financi\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"encadre-style\"><strong>Remarque :<\/strong> l\u2019exploitant supporte les frais d\u2019\u00e9valuation des dommages, de d\u00e9termination et de mise en \u0153uvre des mesures de r\u00e9paration et de pr\u00e9vention, et les indemnit\u00e9s dues le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant. Ces frais peuvent \u00eatre partag\u00e9s en cas de pluralit\u00e9 de pollueurs ou rembours\u00e9s en cas de fait d\u2019un tiers. Des garanties financi\u00e8res existent pour se pr\u00e9munir des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale.<\/div><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">IV. La mise en \u0153uvre de la responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\">A. L\u2019engagement de la responsabilit\u00e9<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">D\u00e8s lors que la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019exploitant peut \u00eatre engag\u00e9e en cas de menace imminente av\u00e9r\u00e9e ou apr\u00e8s le dommage.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>L\u2019autorit\u00e9 comp\u00e9tente mettra en \u0153uvre cette responsabilit\u00e9 en cas de n\u00e9gligence, faute de l\u2019exploitant<\/strong>. Elle peut aussi demander \u00e0 l\u2019exploitant la communication de toute information utile.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>On reconnait \u00e9galement ce droit de communication aux agents de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 comp\u00e9tente.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>L&rsquo;exploitant doit mettre en oeuvre les mesures n\u00e9cessaires. En cas d\u2019urgence<\/strong> si l\u2019exploitant n\u2019est pas identifiable, les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales pourront ensuite se retourner contre l\u2019exploitant en tant que \u00ab parties civiles \u00bb.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A noter que les victimes de pr\u00e9judice ne peuvent agir via la responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale pour demander r\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"padding-left: 30px; text-align: justify;\">B. Les sanctions<\/h3>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px; text-align: justify;\">1. Administratives<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elles sont diverses : <img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11104 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/juridique-1-1-300x219.jpg\" alt=\"sanctions responsabilit\u00e9 administrative\" width=\"218\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/juridique-1-1-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/juridique-1-1.jpg 492w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Amendes de 5\u00e8me classe (1 500\u20ac)<\/strong> pour d\u00e9faut de communication d\u2019informations ou d\u00e9faut de mise en \u0153uvre des mesures de r\u00e9paration<\/li>\n<li><strong>1 an d\u2019emprisonnement et 15 000\u20ac d\u2019amende<\/strong> pour avoir fait obstacle \u00e0 l\u2019exercice de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 comp\u00e9tente<\/li>\n<li><strong>6 mois d\u2019emprisonnement et 75 000\u20ac d\u2019amende<\/strong> pour ne pas s\u2019\u00eatre conform\u00e9 \u00e0 une mise en demeure de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 comp\u00e9tente<\/li>\n<li>Affichage et diffusion de la d\u00e9cision au public<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"padding-left: 60px; text-align: justify;\">2. P\u00e9nales<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sans s\u2019\u00e9tendre sur la mati\u00e8re, l\u2019article L163-7 du Code de l\u2019environnement pr\u00e9voit des sanctions p\u00e9nales sp\u00e9cifiques si l\u2019auteur est une personne morale :<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Amendes<\/li>\n<li>Interdiction d\u2019exercice professionnel<\/li>\n<li>Affichage et diffusion au public de la d\u00e9cision<\/li>\n<li>Interdiction d\u2019\u00e9mettre des titres financiers<\/li>\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"encadre-style\"><strong>Bon \u00e0 savoir :<\/strong> le Tribunal comp\u00e9tent est le Tribunal Administratif et les autres juridictions administratives en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9paration et pr\u00e9vention du dommage environnemental.<\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour continuer votre lecture, nous vous conseillons nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-marche-du-carbone\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">Le march\u00e9 du carbone<\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/limpact-ecologique-en-entreprise\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">L\u2019impact \u00e9cologique en entreprise<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/lentreprise-et-la-neutralite-carbone\/\"><span class=\"s2\">L\u2019entreprise et la neutralit\u00e9 carbone<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/personne-morale-responsabilite-penale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d\u2019une personne morale<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-representant-legal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Quelle est la responsabilit\u00e9 du repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le principe de responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir tout dommage et toute menace imminente contre l\u2019environnement. L\u2019environnement et sa protection sont en effet devenus, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des enjeux majeurs, notamment pour les entreprises. Face aux risques environnementaux induits par&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11105,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion","category-juridique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le principe de responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale vise \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir tout dommage et toute menace imminente contre l\u2019environnement.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-environnementale-attention-pollution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale | Blog Valoxy - 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