{"id":14435,"date":"2016-01-18T12:30:44","date_gmt":"2016-01-18T11:30:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=14435"},"modified":"2024-09-26T17:03:00","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T15:03:00","slug":"definition-avantages-et-inconvenients-des-societes-a-capital-variable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/definition-avantages-et-inconvenients-des-societes-a-capital-variable\/","title":{"rendered":"Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital variable"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Presque toutes les formes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 peuvent choisir d&rsquo;avoir un capital social variable. A l\u2019exception des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s anonymes (SA), express\u00e9ment exclues de ce dispositif par la loi, les autres formes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, qu\u2019elles soient civiles ou commerciales (SARL, SAS, SCI) peuvent poss\u00e9der un capital variable.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"s1\">Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts-de-France, explique ici <\/span>les avantages et les inconv\u00e9nients du capital variable.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #fb4c35;\"><strong>Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital variable\u00a0: qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5218 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/tresorerie-300x288.png\" alt=\"expertise comptable\" width=\"66\" height=\"63\" \/><\/strong>Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital variable ne sont pas des formes sociales \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re mais des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de type \u00ab\u00a0classique \u00bb qui vont b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de modalit\u00e9s de fonctionnement particuli\u00e8res en ce qui concerne leur <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/capital-social\/\">capital social<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s devront simplement <strong>rajouter \u00e0 la forme sociale, les mots \u00ab \u00e0 capital variable\u00a0\u00bb et ce dans tous les actes et documents que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 destine aux tiers<\/strong> (factures, publicit\u00e9s, mails\u2026). On trouvera donc des :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/sarl\/\">SARL<\/a> \u00e0 capital variable\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/sas-ou-societe-par-actions-simplifiee-10032015avalchaneg1\/\">SAS<\/a> \u00e0 capital variable\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/societe-civile\/\">SCI<\/a> \u00e0 capital variable\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Par modalit\u00e9s de fonctionnement particuli\u00e8res, il faut comprendre que <strong>ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s vont pouvoir proc\u00e9der \u00e0 des <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/augmentation-capital-combien-ca-coute-27102014avaltibmarc1\/\">augmentations<\/a> et r\u00e9ductions de capital sans avoir \u00e0 accomplir (et \u00e0 payer) toutes les formalit\u00e9s de la proc\u00e9dure standard<\/strong> en la mati\u00e8re, \u00e0 savoir\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Convocation et tenue d\u2019une assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale extraordinaire (AGE) ;<\/li>\n<li>Enregistrement du proc\u00e8s-verbal de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale aupr\u00e8s du service des imp\u00f4ts\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Publication de la modification statutaire dans un <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/combien-coute-annonce-legale\/\">journal d\u2019annonces l\u00e9gales<\/a>\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>Formalit\u00e9s de greffe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3836 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/creation-dentreprise6-300x296.png\" alt=\"cr\u00e9ation d'entreprise\" width=\"115\" height=\"114\" \/>Clause de variabilit\u00e9<\/h4>\n<p>Cette possibilit\u00e9 vient du fait que si les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ont obligatoirement un capital social, ce dernier n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessairement fixe. En effet, l\u2019insertion d\u2019une clause de variabilit\u00e9 dans les statuts de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 permet de faire varier le capital social. Lors de la constitution, ou en cours de vie sociale, les associ\u00e9s d\u00e9cideront d\u2019une fourchette de variation du capital social. Et ce, sans\u00a0 avoir \u00e0 passer par la proc\u00e9dure standard.<\/p>\n<p>La clause de variabilit\u00e9 <strong>doit \u00e9galement pr\u00e9voir l\u2019organe qui sera comp\u00e9tent<\/strong> pour avaliser les variations intervenant dans la fourchette.<\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"><strong>A noter<\/strong>\u00a0: <strong>L\u2019insertion d\u2019une clause de variabilit\u00e9 va toujours n\u00e9cessiter l\u2019accord unanime<\/strong> de tous les associ\u00e9s (ou actionnaires).<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2358 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/important-300x290.png\" alt=\"important\" width=\"60\" height=\"58\" \/>La variation du capital social \u00e9tant facilit\u00e9e dans la fourchette pr\u00e9vue dans les statuts, <strong>ces derniers doivent donc obligatoirement pr\u00e9voir le montant minimal (plancher) ainsi que le montant maximal (plafond).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Si la loi ne pr\u00e9voit rien en ce qui concerne le plafond,<strong> le plancher ne peut quant \u00e0 lui \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 10% du capital souscrit initialement.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"><strong>A noter<\/strong>\u00a0: Si le montant du capital social varie <strong>au-del\u00e0 de la fourchette, la proc\u00e9dure standard sera n\u00e9cessaire.<\/strong><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #fb4c35;\"><strong>Les avantages du capital variable<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le fait de doter la structure d\u2019un capital variable va pr\u00e9senter <strong>plusieurs int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-3268 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/bonplan-1-290x300.png\" alt=\"expert-comptable\" width=\"69\" height=\"71\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/bonplan-1-290x300.png 290w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/bonplan-1-45x45.png 45w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/bonplan-1.png 367w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 69px) 100vw, 69px\" \/>Tout d\u2019abord, <strong>cela va permettre de pouvoir augmenter et r\u00e9duire le capital social de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sans avoir \u00e0 passer par les formalit\u00e9s d\u2019une modification statutaire (AGE, unanimit\u00e9) et d\u2019en payer les diff\u00e9rents co\u00fbts (imp\u00f4ts, greffe, journal d\u2019annonces l\u00e9gales).<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"><strong>A noter<\/strong>\u00a0: Les variations de capital au sein de ce type de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sont tout de m\u00eame soumises \u00e0 un <strong>droit fixe (\u00e0 acquitter aupr\u00e8s du service des imp\u00f4ts) de 125 euros<\/strong>.<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11754 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/accord-2-gimp-70-1-300x167.jpg\" alt=\"accord 2 gimp 70\" width=\"155\" height=\"86\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/accord-2-gimp-70-1-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/accord-2-gimp-70-1.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/>Ensuite, cela va permettre une plus <strong>grande mobilit\u00e9 tant des capitaux que des personnes associ\u00e9es<\/strong>. En effet,<strong> les variations de capital \u00e9tant facilit\u00e9es et moins on\u00e9reuses<\/strong>, cela favorise l\u2019entr\u00e9e de nouveaux associ\u00e9s. De m\u00eame, le retrait d\u2019anciens associ\u00e9s n\u2019en sera que plus facile. Cela r\u00e9duira aussi le risque de se retrouver \u00ab prisonnier \u00bb de ses titres pendant un certain temps.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, le capital variable, en permettant de s\u2019exon\u00e9rer notamment des formalit\u00e9s de publicit\u00e9 aff\u00e9rentes aux variations de capital, va offrir une plus <strong>grande discr\u00e9tion aux nouveaux associ\u00e9s (ou actionnaires) qui n\u2019appara\u00eetront pas dans les statuts.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #fb4c35;\"><strong>Les inconv\u00e9nients des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital variable<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Un des premiers inconv\u00e9nients des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital variable est que <strong>les statuts, et notamment la clause de variabilit\u00e9, doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9dig\u00e9s avec une grande pr\u00e9caution et il est donc vivement conseill\u00e9 de se faire assister par un professionnel.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5383 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/frais-generaux.jpg\" alt=\"frais g\u00e9n\u00e9raux\" width=\"79\" height=\"66\" \/>Ensuite, <strong>la facilit\u00e9 d\u2019entrer et surtout de sortir de ce type de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s va rendre le capital social plus instable.<\/strong> De plus, cette instabilit\u00e9 sera d\u2019autant plus grande que la diff\u00e9rence entre le montant minimal et le maximal sera importante.<\/p>\n<p>Enfin, <strong>le risque de dilution est \u00e9galement beaucoup plus grand<\/strong> que dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital fixe car l\u2019entr\u00e9e de nouveaux investisseurs peut redistribuer les cartes <strong>notamment en cas d\u2019apport\u00a0 important.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"><strong>A noter<\/strong>\u00a0: Que ce soit pour la r\u00e9daction de la clause de variabilit\u00e9 ou pour \u00e9viter et anticiper tous ces inconv\u00e9nients, <strong>l\u2019intervention d\u2019un professionnel (expert-comptable, avocat, notaire) est vivement recommand\u00e9.<\/strong><\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Pour plus d\u2019informations sur les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital variable, retrouvez nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/augmentation-capital-combien-ca-coute-27102014avaltibmarc1\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Combien co\u00fbte une augmentation de capital ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/tout-ce-que-vous-avez-toujours-voulu-savoir-sur-la-societe-cooperative-et-participative-scop\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Tout ce que vous avez toujours voulu savoir sur la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 COop\u00e9rative et Participative (SCOP)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/societes-de-capitaux-comment-fonctionnent\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de capitaux : comment fonctionnent-elles ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/sarl-sas-reduction-capital-interessante-distribution-dividende\/\"><span class=\"s3\">SARL, SAS : la r\u00e9duction de capital plus int\u00e9ressante que la distribution de dividende<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/coup-de-l-accordeon\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Le coup de l\u2019 accord\u00e9on dans une entreprise ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Presque toutes les formes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 peuvent choisir d&rsquo;avoir un capital social variable. A l\u2019exception des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s anonymes (SA), express\u00e9ment exclues de ce dispositif par la loi, les autres formes de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, qu\u2019elles soient civiles ou commerciales (SARL, SAS, SCI)&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64739,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14435","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-juridique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital variable | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Toutes les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, \u00e0 l&#039;exception des SA, peuvent \u00eatre des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 capital variable\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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