{"id":13788,"date":"2016-05-20T00:30:55","date_gmt":"2016-05-19T22:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=13788"},"modified":"2024-09-26T16:58:58","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T14:58:58","slug":"clause-de-non-concurrence-droit-societes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/clause-de-non-concurrence-droit-societes\/","title":{"rendered":"La clause de non concurrence en droit des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En cas de\u00a0<strong>cession du fonds de commerce<\/strong>\u00a0ou de\u00a0<strong>titres d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>, le cessionnaire (acqu\u00e9reur) dispose de la\u00a0<strong>garantie d\u2019\u00e9viction<\/strong>\u00a0pour\u00a0<strong>se prot\u00e9ger contre la concurrence que pourrait exercer le c\u00e9dant<\/strong>\u00a0(vendeur). Dans la pratique, cette garantie est souvent\u00a0<strong>difficile \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre<\/strong>. Pour s\u00e9curiser la situation, les parties peuvent d\u00e9cider d\u2019ins\u00e9rer une<strong>\u00a0clause de non concurrence dans l\u2019acte de cession ou directement dans les statuts de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/strong> Cette clause doit faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une\u00a0<strong>r\u00e9daction pr\u00e9cise<\/strong>\u00a0pour \u00eatre valable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Valoxy, <\/span><span class=\"s2\">cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France<\/span><span class=\"s1\">,\u00a0vous propose <\/span><span class=\"s3\">dans cet article<\/span><span class=\"s1\"> de revenir en d\u00e9tail sur ce point.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">1 \u2013 La clause de non concurrence doit \u00eatre proportionn\u00e9e aux int\u00e9r\u00eats des parties<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11742\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/liste2-gimp-70-1.jpg\" alt=\"La clause de non concurrence en droit des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s\" width=\"198\" height=\"212\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/liste2-gimp-70-1.jpg 335w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/liste2-gimp-70-1-280x300.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 198px) 100vw, 198px\" \/>La clause de non concurrence r\u00e9pond \u00e0 deux objectifs\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>prot\u00e9ger le cessionnaire<\/strong>\u00a0en faisant obstacle \u00e0 une concurrence pr\u00e9judiciable de la part du c\u00e9dant<\/li>\n<li><strong>ne pas priver le c\u00e9dant de toute possibilit\u00e9 de poursuivre une activit\u00e9 professionnelle<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ces deux objectifs \u00e9tant parfois contradictoires, il convient de trouver un\u00a0<strong>juste \u00e9quilibre<\/strong>\u00a0permettant de satisfaire chacune des parties.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ainsi,\u00a0<strong>une clause de non concurrence ne pourrait pas pr\u00e9voir d\u2019interdire purement et simplement la pratique d\u2019une activit\u00e9 professionnelle pour le c\u00e9dant<\/strong>. Il est donc n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019indiquer, avec pr\u00e9cision, les activit\u00e9s vis\u00e9es par l\u2019obligation de non concurrence.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><div class=\"encadre-style\">Illustration<\/strong> : par exemple, \u00a0dans le cadre d\u2019un commerce local de pantalons pour enfants, une clause de non concurrence ne pourrait pas interdire au c\u00e9dant d\u2019exercer toute activit\u00e9 de commerce de v\u00eatements sur le territoire fran\u00e7ais. Une telle clause aurai manifestement un caract\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9.<strong><\/div><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La proportionnalit\u00e9 de la clause s\u2019appr\u00e9cie donc en fonction de\u00a0<strong>diff\u00e9rents indices<\/strong>\u00a0tenant \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>le poste ant\u00e9rieur occup\u00e9 par le c\u00e9dant (simple associ\u00e9, dirigeant, directeur\u2026)<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019\u00e9tendue de l\u2019activit\u00e9 (locale, r\u00e9gionale, nationale\u2026)<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019aspect concurrentiel ou non de l\u2019activit\u00e9<\/li>\n<li>\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">2 \u2013 La clause de non concurrence doit \u00eatre limit\u00e9e dans le temps<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une clause de non concurrence ne peut pas \u00eatre \u00e9dict\u00e9e pour une dur\u00e9e illimit\u00e9e. Par ailleurs, une dur\u00e9e trop longue pourrait mettre en cause la validit\u00e9 de la clause.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Exemple<\/strong>\u00a0: une clause qui viendrait interdire au c\u00e9dant l\u2019exercice de certaines activit\u00e9s pendant une dur\u00e9e de 35 ans serait manifestement non valide en raison de son caract\u00e8re temporel manifestement disproportionn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><div class=\"encadre-style\">Remarque<\/strong>\u00a0: \u00e0 titre indicatif, la majorit\u00e9 des clauses de non concurrence s\u2019inscrivent sur une dur\u00e9e comprise entre 2 et 5 ans. Une situation exceptionnelle peut n\u00e9anmoins venir justifier une dur\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure.<strong><\/div><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">3 \u2013 La clause de non concurrence doit \u00eatre limit\u00e9e dans l\u2019espace<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La clause de non concurrence doit avoir un\u00a0<strong>champ g\u00e9ographique limit\u00e9<\/strong>. Le champ g\u00e9ographique peut couvrir un quartier, un centre-ville, une r\u00e9gion, un pays\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00e0 encore, il faudra prendre en compte l\u2019importance de l\u2019activit\u00e9, sa sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9, l\u2019ancien r\u00f4le du c\u00e9dant\u2026 pour d\u00e9terminer le champ g\u00e9ographique.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><div class=\"encadre-style\">Attention<\/strong>\u00a0: le fait que la clause soit limit\u00e9e dans le temps et dans l\u2019espace ne suffit pas \u00e0 lui seul \u00e0 la rendre valide. Le juge appr\u00e9cie toujours ses crit\u00e8res au regard de la proportionnalit\u00e9 de la clause par rapport aux int\u00e9r\u00eats en jeu (premier crit\u00e8re). La clause est donc\u00a0<strong>appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re globale pour d\u00e9terminer si le crit\u00e8re de la proportionnalit\u00e9 est respect\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tr\u00e8s souvent, la clause pr\u00e9voit une\u00a0<strong>interdiction de concurrence directe ou indirecte<\/strong>\u00a0(par personne interpos\u00e9e par exemple).<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La principale difficult\u00e9 concernant la r\u00e9daction de la clause de non concurrence tient \u00e0 sa subjectivit\u00e9. Le recours \u00e0 un professionnel peut permettre de s\u00e9curiser la situation respective des parties.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"s1\">Cet article vous a int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ? Dites le nous dans les commentaires de notre blog ! Pour approfondir vos connaissances sur la non-concurrence, retrouvez nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/transmission-d-entreprise-comment-rediger-dossier-presentation-141122014avalsebhaus1\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Transmission d\u2019entreprise \u2013 comment r\u00e9diger un dossier de pr\u00e9sentation ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/transmission-entreprise-les-6-etapes-cles-15102014avalsebhau1\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Les 6 \u00e9tapes cl\u00e9s d\u2019une transmission d\u2019entreprise r\u00e9ussie<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s2\"><span class=\"s3\">Le Pacte Dutreil dans le cadre d\u2019une transmission \u00e0 titre gratuit<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li4\"><span class=\"s4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/concurrence-deloyale\/\"><span class=\"s5\">La concurrence d\u00e9loyale.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li4\"><span class=\"s4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/garanties-legales-matiere-de-cession-de-titres-mythe-realite\/\"><span class=\"s5\">Les garanties l\u00e9gales en mati\u00e8re de cession de titres : mythe ou r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En cas de\u00a0cession du fonds de commerce\u00a0ou de\u00a0titres d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9, le cessionnaire (acqu\u00e9reur) dispose de la\u00a0garantie d\u2019\u00e9viction\u00a0pour\u00a0se prot\u00e9ger contre la concurrence que pourrait exercer le c\u00e9dant\u00a0(vendeur). Dans la pratique, cette garantie est souvent\u00a0difficile \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre. Pour s\u00e9curiser la&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11569,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fusac"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La clause de non concurrence en droit des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En cas de cession d&#039;un fonds de commerce ou d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9, l&#039;acqu\u00e9reur dispose de la garantie d\u2019\u00e9viction qui le prot\u00e9ge contre toute concurrence du vendeur.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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