{"id":13743,"date":"2016-05-31T00:30:46","date_gmt":"2016-05-30T22:30:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=13743"},"modified":"2024-07-13T18:11:27","modified_gmt":"2024-07-13T16:11:27","slug":"personne-morale-responsabilite-penale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/personne-morale-responsabilite-penale\/","title":{"rendered":"La responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d&rsquo;une personne morale"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La personne morale est une \u00ab entit\u00e9 \u00bb juridique, <span class=\"exergue\">distincte de ses associ\u00e9s, et<\/span> dot\u00e9e de droits et obligations.<span class=\"exergue\"> Elle poss\u00e8de<\/span> la personnalit\u00e9 juridique. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est donc une personne morale. En cons\u00e9quence, elle a une\u00a0 <strong>responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale<\/strong>. Comment appr\u00e9hender la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d&rsquo;une personne morale ? Valoxy, cabinet d&rsquo;expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, se penche dans cet article sur les poursuites p\u00e9nales qui peuvent \u00eatre entam\u00e9es contre une <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/personne-morale\/\"><strong>personne morale<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Comment fonctionne le droit p\u00e9nal ?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le droit p\u00e9nal est une branche du droit permettant de juger les infractions. Il pr\u00e9cise aussi quels types de personnes peuvent \u00eatre responsables d\u2019une infraction.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">On classe les infractions selon leur gravit\u00e9 en :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">crimes (Cour d\u2019Assisses),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">d\u00e9lits (Tribunal Correctionnel),<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">ou en contraventions (Tribunal de Police).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cependant, une infraction ne peut \u00eatre constat\u00e9e sans l\u2019existence de trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments :<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment l\u00e9gal<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire le texte de loi mentionnant l\u2019infraction. En effet, en droit p\u00e9nal, l\u2019infraction n\u2019est punissable que si elle est d\u00e9finie par un texte de loi. Par exemple, le vol est d\u00e9fini \u00e0 l\u2019article 311-3.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment mat\u00e9riel<\/strong>, qui d\u00e9signe la r\u00e9alisation ou la tentative de r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019infraction. La tentative est toujours punissable pour les crimes. Pour les d\u00e9lits, elle n\u2019est punissable que dans les cas pr\u00e9vus par la loi.\u00a0 De plus, en droit p\u00e9nal, la tentative est punissable dans les m\u00eames conditions que si l\u2019auteur avait r\u00e9ellement commis l\u2019infraction.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>L\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ment intentionnel ou moral<\/strong> : il s\u2019agit de l\u2019intention de nuire de la personne soup\u00e7onn\u00e9e d\u2019avoir commis une infraction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">La mise en jeu de la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d&rsquo;une personne morale<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">C\u2019est <strong>l\u2019article L 121-2<\/strong> qui d\u00e9finit la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale des personnes morales. Cette d\u00e9finition exclut l\u2019Etat. Les personnes morales sont donc responsables des infractions commises pour leur compte par leurs repr\u00e9sentants ou leurs organes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De cette d\u00e9finition ressortent les deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments indispensables pour en<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11810 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/photo-jeune-vieux-gimp-70-300x231.jpg\" alt=\"responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale\" width=\"300\" height=\"231\" \/>gager la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d\u2019une entreprise :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019infraction est commise pour le compte de la personne morale. Elle doit donc tirer un b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de l\u2019infraction.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019infraction est commise par les organes de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. (Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, g\u00e9rant, PDG, personne morale agissant via un mandat, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale de la personne morale n\u2019exclut pas la responsabilit\u00e9 des personnes physiques auteures ou complices de cette infraction. (Voir notre article\u00a0<span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/difference-personne-morale-physique\/\">Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre une personne morale et une personne physique ?<\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"encadre-style\">En cas de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale contre une personne morale,<strong>\u00a0le g\u00e9rant de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong> (\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque des faits)\u00a0 la repr\u00e9sente. Si le g\u00e9rant est poursuivi \u00e0 titre personnel, un <strong>mandataire judiciaire<\/strong> sera nomm\u00e9 pour repr\u00e9senter la personne morale. <\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L&rsquo;article 121-7 du code p\u00e9nal d\u00e9finit la complicit\u00e9. Celle-ci ne peut \u00eatre av\u00e9r\u00e9e que si les trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments\u00a0 mentionn\u00e9s ci-dessus sont prouv\u00e9s. Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont fondamentaux en droit p\u00e9nal.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d&rsquo;une personne morale : les peines applicables<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">En droit p\u00e9nal, la loi fixe n\u00e9cessairement les peines. En effet, \u00ab Nul ne peut \u00eatre puni d\u2019une peine qui n\u2019est pas pr\u00e9vue par la loi \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>Responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d&rsquo;une personne morale : les peines pr\u00e9vues par l\u2019article 131-37<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019article 131-37 fixe <strong>les sanctions pour les crimes et les d\u00e9lits <\/strong>commis par des personnes morales.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ainsi, l\u2019amende maximale pour une personne morale repr\u00e9sente le quintuple\u00a0 du montant pr\u00e9vu pour les personnes physiques. Pour les crimes, l\u2019amende potentielle pour les personnes morales peut atteindre 1 000 000 \u20ac.<\/p>\n<h3>Responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d&rsquo;une personne morale : l\u2019article 131-39 pr\u00e9voit d\u2019autres peines<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les sanctions p\u00e9nales peuvent alors aller jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la <strong>dissolution de la personne morale.<\/strong> On peut aussi lui interdire de r\u00e9aliser certaines activit\u00e9s.\u00a0 Ou la placer sous surveillance judiciaire. On peut \u00e9galement l&rsquo;exclure des march\u00e9s publics. Elle peut aussi se voir\u00a0 interdire de toucher des aides de l\u2019Etat, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les personnes morales encourent aussi des <strong>peines de sanction-r\u00e9paration<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pour les contraventions (article 131-40 et suivant du code p\u00e9nal), les sanctions encourues sont :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">des amendes dont le montant maximal peut aller jusqu&rsquo;au quintuple de celui pr\u00e9vu pour les personnes physiques,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">des peines privatives de droit : interdiction d\u2019\u00e9mettre des ch\u00e8ques, confiscation d\u2019un bien,<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">et des peines de sanction r\u00e9paration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Cet article vous a int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ? Dites-le nous donc dans les commentaires ci-apr\u00e8s ! Vous souhaitez plus d\u2019informations concernant la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une personne morale ? Consultez nos articles sur le blog Valoxy :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-salaries\/\"><span class=\"s2\">La responsabilit\u00e9 du fait de ses salari\u00e9s<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-representant-legal\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Quelle est la responsabilit\u00e9 du repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-environnementale-attention-pollution\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale : attention \u00e0 la pollution !<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><span class=\"s2\">Qu\u2019est-ce-que la responsabilit\u00e9 soci\u00e9tale des entreprises (RSE)?<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/assurance-responsabilite-civile-professionnelle\/\"><span class=\"s2\">\u00c0 quoi sert l\u2019assurance responsabilit\u00e9 civile professionnelle?<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La personne morale est une \u00ab entit\u00e9 \u00bb juridique, distincte de ses associ\u00e9s, et dot\u00e9e de droits et obligations. Elle poss\u00e8de la personnalit\u00e9 juridique. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est donc une personne morale. En cons\u00e9quence, elle a une\u00a0 responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale. Comment appr\u00e9hender&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16629,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-juridique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d&#039;une personne morale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La personnalit\u00e9 morale donne une existence \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s. 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