{"id":13696,"date":"2016-05-12T00:30:08","date_gmt":"2016-05-11T22:30:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=13696"},"modified":"2024-09-26T16:58:09","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T14:58:09","slug":"concurrence-deloyale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/concurrence-deloyale\/","title":{"rendered":"La concurrence d\u00e9loyale."},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La concurrence d\u00e9loyale se caract\u00e9rise par le d\u00e9nigrement, la cr\u00e9ation de confusion, la d\u00e9sorganisation, ou encore la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 concurrente par d\u2019anciens salari\u00e9s. Notre syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique utilise en effet la concurrence comme un moyen de pousser les acteurs \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 s\u2019am\u00e9liorer. Le syst\u00e8me offre en effet la libert\u00e9 de choix aux clients, et permet la d\u00e9termination d\u2019un \u00ab juste \u00bb prix par le march\u00e9. Cependant, pour \u00eatre \u00ab\u00a0juste\u00a0\u00bb, la concurrence doit n\u00e9cessairement \u00eatre encadr\u00e9e par la loi, sous peine de voir s&rsquo;installer des pratiques frauduleuses ou d\u00e9loyales.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Valoxy, cabinet d&rsquo;expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, fait le point sur la concurrence d\u00e9loyale.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">La concurrence d\u00e9loyale\u00a0: les \u00e9l\u00e9ments constitutifs<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La notion juridique de concurrence d\u00e9loyale s\u2019est construite \u00e0 partir de la jurisprudence, et elle est bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019article 1382 du Code Civil, portant sur la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9lictuelle.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Selon cet article, la responsabilit\u00e9 d\u00e9lictuelle n\u2019est applicable que si trois \u00e9l\u00e9ments coexistent\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>La faute<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019action qui porte un pr\u00e9judice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le pr\u00e9judice<\/strong>\u00a0: le dommage caus\u00e9 qui doit \u00eatre direct et certain. Il peut \u00eatre mat\u00e9riel (perte de chiffre d\u2019affaires\u2026) ou moral (perte au niveau de l\u2019image\u2026)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Le lien de causalit\u00e9<\/strong> : la concomitance entre l\u2019acte et le pr\u00e9judice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les fautes constitutives d\u2019un acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La jurisprudence a reconnu quatre familles d\u2019actes relevant de la concurrence d\u00e9loyale.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le d\u00e9nigrement<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Il s\u2019agit ici de la fausse diffusion d\u2019informations \u00e0 caract\u00e8re diffamatoire sur l\u2019entreprise et sur sa production.<\/strong> Le but \u00e9tant de porter atteinte \u00e0 la r\u00e9putation de l\u2019entreprise au travers d&rsquo;une diffusion mensong\u00e8re aupr\u00e8s de la client\u00e8le.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"encadre-style\"> La publicit\u00e9 a le droit d\u2019\u00eatre comparative, mais dans ce cas, doit \u00eatre v\u00e9ridique, objective, et loyale. <\/div><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">La confusion<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11931 \" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/11\/quelle-direction-2-gimp-70.jpg\" alt=\"Les fautes constitutives d\u2019un acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale\" width=\"188\" height=\"139\" \/>La \u00ab\u00a0confusion\u00a0\u00bb implique que <strong>les actes de concurrence d\u00e9loyale ont pour but de cr\u00e9er (ou de risquer de cr\u00e9er) une confusion dans l\u2019esprit des clients via des imitations relativement ressemblantes<\/strong> (sur le nom, les produits\u2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cette confusion peut \u00eatre intentionnelle ou non (cf Article 1383 du Code Civil.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"encadre-style\"> La marque et les produits d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement prot\u00e9g\u00e9s par un droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle (brevet\u2026), une action p\u00e9nale en contrefa\u00e7on est \u00e9galement possible (voir notre article <a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/action-en-contrefacon\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">L\u2019action en contrefa\u00e7on<\/a>).\u00a0<\/div><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">La d\u00e9sorganisation de l\u2019entreprise<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments peuvent caract\u00e9riser la d\u00e9sorganisation d\u2019une entreprise, cependant pour \u00eatre reconnue par les tribunaux, il faut que la d\u00e9sorganisation soit prouv\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11761\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/dessin-crevasse-gimp-70-1.jpg\" alt=\"la d\u00e9sorganisation de l'entreprise\" width=\"181\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/dessin-crevasse-gimp-70-1.jpg 478w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/dessin-crevasse-gimp-70-1-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 181px) 100vw, 181px\" \/>Le d\u00e9bauchage des salari\u00e9s peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une action entra\u00eenant d\u00e9sorganisation de l\u2019entreprise, <\/strong>par exemple si l\u2019entreprise concurrente proc\u00e8de \u00e0 un d\u00e9bauchage massif en promettant des salaires anormalement \u00e9lev\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>La cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 concurrente par d\u2019anciens salari\u00e9s<\/strong> notamment s\u2019ils d\u00e9marchent syst\u00e9matiquement leurs anciens clients et s\u2019ils ont recours \u00e0 des secrets de fabrication de leur ancienne entreprise.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le masquage des panneaux publicitaires d&rsquo;un concurrent proc\u00e8de ainsi de la d\u00e9sorganisation commerciale, par exemple.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les agissements parasitaires<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il s\u2019agit d\u2019actes intentionnels visant \u00e0 tirer profit du savoir-faire d\u2019un concurrent. Ces actes sont \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s par la jurisprudence, comme par exemple l\u2019exploitation de la publicit\u00e9 ou de la notori\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019autrui.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pr\u00e9cision juridique<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Une entreprise peut commettre un acte de concurrence d\u00e9loyale de fa\u00e7on non intentionnelle. Dans ce cas, on peut quand m\u00eame l&rsquo;attaquer pour concurrence d\u00e9loyale. C\u2019est le sens de l\u2019article 1383 du Code Civil.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le demandeur (personne physique ou morale qui agit en justice) doit prouver la faute, le pr\u00e9judice et le lien de causalit\u00e9 (d\u00e9marche qui peut \u00eatre longue dans la pratique).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>L\u2019action en concurrence d\u00e9loyale n\u2019est possible que s\u2019il existe un rapport de concurrence entre le demandeur et le d\u00e9fendeur.<\/strong> Il existe toutefois des exceptions (notamment pour le d\u00e9nigrement ou les agissements parasitaires\u2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"encadre-style\"><span class=\"s1\">Pour en savoir plus sur la concurrence, retrouvez nos autres articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/association-attention-a-ne-pas-faire-concurrence-a-lentreprise\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Association : attention \u00e0 ne pas concurrencer l\u2019entreprise !<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/clause-de-non-concurrence-droit-societes\/\"><span class=\"s3\">La clause de non concurrence en droit des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/les-differents-types-de-propriete-industrielle-et-intellectuelle\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Les diff\u00e9rents types de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle et intellectuelle<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/les-differents-types-de-propriete-industrielle-et-intellectuelle\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Les diff\u00e9rents types de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle et intellectuelle<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li2\"><span class=\"s2\"><span class=\"s3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/propriete-intellectuelle\/\">La d\u00e9fense de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle de l\u2019entreprise sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La concurrence d\u00e9loyale se caract\u00e9rise par le d\u00e9nigrement, la cr\u00e9ation de confusion, la d\u00e9sorganisation, ou encore la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 concurrente par d\u2019anciens salari\u00e9s. Notre syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique utilise en effet la concurrence comme un moyen de pousser les acteurs \u00e9conomiques&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11802,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion","category-juridique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu&#039;est-ce que la concurrence d\u00e9loyale ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La concurrence d\u00e9loyale se caract\u00e9rise entre autres par le d\u00e9nigrement, la cr\u00e9ation de confusion, la d\u00e9sorganisation, ou la concurrence d\u2019anciens salari\u00e9s.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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