{"id":13310,"date":"2016-03-17T00:30:35","date_gmt":"2016-03-16T23:30:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=13310"},"modified":"2024-09-26T16:58:09","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T14:58:09","slug":"bail-commercial-obligations-locataire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/bail-commercial-obligations-locataire\/","title":{"rendered":"Bail commercial : quelles sont les obligations du locataire ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le\u00a0<strong>bail commercial<\/strong>\u00a0est un contrat par lequel un propri\u00e9taire (<strong>le<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>bailleur) loue un local \u00e0 un commer\u00e7ant, un artisan ou un industriel (le locataire) pour que ce dernier puisse y exercer une activit\u00e9 professionnelle<\/strong>. Ce contrat entra\u00eene des\u00a0<strong>obligations r\u00e9ciproques<\/strong>\u00a0pour chacune des parties.\u00a0Valoxy, cabinet d\u2019expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France vous en dit plus.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une obligation de paiement du loyer<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-11147\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/commerce-5-1.jpg\" alt=\"le bail commercial\" width=\"179\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/commerce-5-1.jpg 539w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/commerce-5-1-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 179px) 100vw, 179px\" \/>La premi\u00e8re obligation du locataire, dans le cadre d\u2019un contrat de bail commercial, r\u00e9side dans le\u00a0<strong>paiement du loyer et des charges locatives.<\/strong>\u00a0Les parties au contrat disposent d\u2019une grande libert\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer les\u00a0<strong>modalit\u00e9s du paiement<\/strong>\u00a0(date de paiement, paiement mensuel, trimestriel, annuel\u2026).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><div class=\"encadre-style\"><\/strong><strong>Conseil <\/strong><strong>Valoxy<\/strong>\u00a0: la preuve du paiement du loyer porte sur le locataire. Ce dernier doit donc veiller \u00e0 se pr\u00e9munir pour prouver qu\u2019il a bien r\u00e9alis\u00e9 son obligation. A ce titre, <strong>le locataire doit veiller \u00e0 obtenir une quittance \u00e0 chaque paiement. La remise d\u2019une telle quittance est une obligation l\u00e9gale pour le bailleur<\/strong>.<strong><\/div><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u2019incident de paiement peut conduire le bailleur \u00e0 intenter\u00a0:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Une action en paiement<\/li>\n<li>Une action en r\u00e9siliation du bail<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le locataire peut justifier le non-paiement du loyer par l\u2019existence de carences du bailleur quant \u00e0 ses obligations. Cette possibilit\u00e9 prend la forme d\u2019une\u00a0<strong>exception d\u2019inex\u00e9cution<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><div class=\"encadre-style\">Illustration<\/strong>\u00a0: si le bailleur ne permet pas au locataire de jouir des lieux conform\u00e9ment aux dispositions du contrat, ce dernier pourrait cesser de payer les loyers. Il convient toutefois de d\u00e9montrer une impossibilit\u00e9 totale de pouvoir b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des lieux.\u00a0<strong>Une telle absence de paiement du loyer peut n\u00e9anmoins pr\u00e9senter un danger pour le locataire s\u2019il s\u2019av\u00e8re que les griefs \u00e0 l\u2019encontre du propri\u00e9taire ne justifient pas une telle r\u00e9action.<\/strong><\/div><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une obligation d\u2019utiliser les lieux conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la destination pr\u00e9vue<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le bail commercial pr\u00e9cise \u00e0 quels usages sont destin\u00e9s les lieux lou\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lorsque le bail commercial pr\u00e9voit un usage des lieux pour une activit\u00e9 particuli\u00e8re,\u00a0<strong>le locataire doit respecter cet usage<\/strong>. S\u2019il souhaite utiliser les lieux de mani\u00e8re diff\u00e9rente par rapport \u00e0 ce qui \u00e9tait convenu, le locataire doit en avertir le bailleur pour obtenir son autorisation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><div class=\"encadre-style\">Illustration<\/strong>\u00a0: un local est lou\u00e9 aux fins d\u2019y \u00e9tablir un laboratoire. Si le locataire d\u00e9sire, par exemple, utiliser ult\u00e9rieurement les lieux pour y \u00e9tablir une activit\u00e9 de vente de marchandises, il doit en avertir le bailleur pour obtenir son accord.<\/div><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le contrat de bail commercial peut pr\u00e9voir une utilisation restrictive des lieux lou\u00e9s (activit\u00e9 pr\u00e9cise) ou au contraire une utilisation\u00a0extensive (bail tout commerce). Ce point renvoie \u00e0 la notion dite de \u00ab\u00a0<strong>d\u00e9sp\u00e9cialisation<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les lieux doivent, par ailleurs, faire l\u2019objet d\u2019une\u00a0<strong>utilisation \u00ab\u00a0en bon p\u00e8re de famille\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>\u00a0(c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire de mani\u00e8re raisonnable).<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une obligation relative \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de travaux et \u00e0 l\u2019entretien des lieux lou\u00e9s<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Les obligations concernant les travaux et l\u2019entretien des lieux sont pr\u00e9vus dans <a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/bail-commercial-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">le bail commercial<\/a>.\u00a0Le principe r\u00e9side dans le fait que le\u00a0<strong>locataire est dans l\u2019obligation de r\u00e9aliser les travaux locatifs et le petit entretien des lieux<\/strong>. Les<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>gros travaux (murs par exemple) doivent quant \u00e0 eux \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par le propri\u00e9taire des lieux<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-11809\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/contrat-4-gimp-70-1.jpg\" alt=\"la bail commercial\" width=\"238\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/contrat-4-gimp-70-1.jpg 238w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/contrat-4-gimp-70-1-199x300.jpg 199w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 238px) 100vw, 238px\" \/>Le contrat de bail commercial peut n\u00e9anmoins pr\u00e9voir des obligations diff\u00e9rentes de celles \u00e9nonc\u00e9es ci-dessus\u2026<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le locataire a l\u2019obligation de r\u00e9aliser l\u2019entretien et les travaux qui lui incombent en vertu du contrat. Il est responsable des d\u00e9gradations d\u00e9coulant de son comportement. Le propri\u00e9taire peut ainsi, \u00e0 ce titre, obliger le locataire \u00e0 remettre les lieux en \u00e9tat ou \u00e0 le d\u00e9dommager.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il est \u00e9galement possible que son d\u00e9p\u00f4t de garantie soit conserv\u00e9 totalement ou partiellement en raison des d\u00e9gradations subies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Le locataire a \u00e9galement\u00a0<strong>l\u2019obligation d\u2019avertir le propri\u00e9taire<\/strong>\u00a0lorsque ce dernier doit r\u00e9aliser des travaux lui incombant.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Par ailleurs, le bail commercial pr\u00e9voit souvent une\u00a0<strong>obligation d\u2019assurance<\/strong>\u00a0pour le locataire.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Une obligation de lib\u00e9rer les lieux et de les restituer en bon \u00e9tat \u00e0 la fin du bail commercial<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La lib\u00e9ration des lieux suppose que le locataire\u00a0<strong>\u00e9vacue<\/strong>\u00a0ces derniers et\u00a0<strong>remette les cl\u00e9s<\/strong>\u00a0au propri\u00e9taire \u00e0 la fin du bail.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Il convient \u00e9galement de\u00a0<strong>restituer les lieux en bon \u00e9tat<\/strong>. Cette obligation a pour corollaire l\u2019obligation de travaux et d\u2019entretien expos\u00e9e ci-dessus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><div class=\"encadre-style\">Conseil <\/strong><strong>Valoxy<\/strong>\u00a0: les parties doivent faire preuve de pr\u00e9cision dans la r\u00e9alisation de l\u2019\u00e9tat des lieux. <strong>En effet, \u00a0la comparaison entre l\u2019\u00e9tat des lieux au moment de l\u2019entr\u00e9e et l\u2019\u00e9tat des lieux au moment de la sortie permet de d\u00e9terminer les \u00e9ventuelles d\u00e9gradations subies<\/strong>. N&rsquo;h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 prendre des photos lors de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat des lieux et \u00e0 les joindre en annexe du bail ou de l&rsquo;\u00e9tat des lieux<\/div><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-bail-commercial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Au moment de conclure le bail commercial<\/a>, le locataire se doit de bien \u00e9tudier le contrat pour appr\u00e9hender toutes ses obligations. Le recours \u00e0 un professionnel peut constituer un bon moyen permettant d&rsquo;assurer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00a0juridique des parties.<\/p>\n<p>Pour en savoir plus sur les baux commerciaux, retrouvez nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/obligations-bailleur-cadre-bail-commercial\/\">Les obligations du bailleur<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/difference-bail-commercial-bail-professionnel\/\">La diff\u00e9rence entre bail commercial et bail professionnel<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le\u00a0bail commercial\u00a0est un contrat par lequel un propri\u00e9taire (le\u00a0bailleur) loue un local \u00e0 un commer\u00e7ant, un artisan ou un industriel (le locataire) pour que ce dernier puisse y exercer une activit\u00e9 professionnelle. Ce contrat entra\u00eene des\u00a0obligations r\u00e9ciproques\u00a0pour chacune des parties.\u00a0Valoxy,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-juridique"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Bail commercial : quelles sont les obligations du locataire ?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les obligations du locataire d&#039;un bail commercial tournent autour de son utilisation des locaux conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la destination pr\u00e9vue.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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