{"id":12075,"date":"2015-12-14T00:30:19","date_gmt":"2015-12-13T23:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=12075"},"modified":"2024-09-26T16:59:50","modified_gmt":"2024-09-26T14:59:50","slug":"responsabilite-representant-legal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-representant-legal\/","title":{"rendered":"La responsabilit\u00e9 du repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (SARL, SAS, SA\u2026) poss\u00e8de une personnalit\u00e9 juridique propre en tant que personne morale. Elle doit n\u00e9anmoins \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e pour tous les actes de la vie quotidienne par une personne physique. Celle-ci va agir en son nom et dans son int\u00e9r\u00eat : <strong>le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En cas d\u2019infraction ou de pr\u00e9judice caus\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, c\u2019est \u00e9galement le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal qui va engager sa responsabilit\u00e9. En fonction de son implication dans les faits et de la nature de ceux-ci, sa responsabilit\u00e9 pourra \u00eatre civile et\/ou p\u00e9nale. Valoxy, cabinet d&rsquo;expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, fait un point sur la question.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #fb4c35;\"><strong>Qui est le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal d&rsquo;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dirigeant-2-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11159 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dirigeant-2-1-300x280.jpg\" alt=\"dirigeant 2\" width=\"151\" height=\"141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dirigeant-2-1-300x280.jpg 300w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/dirigeant-2-1.jpg 384w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 151px) 100vw, 151px\" \/><\/a>La fonction de repr\u00e9sentation est la plupart du temps assur\u00e9e par les <strong>dirigeants sociaux <\/strong>(personnes physiques). Ceux-ci vont agir au nom et pour le compte de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Il peut s&rsquo;agir des <strong>dirigeants de droit<\/strong>, comme le g\u00e9rant pour les SARL, le pr\u00e9sident pour les SAS ou encore le PDG pour les SA, etc. Mais il peut aussi s&rsquo;agir\u00a0 des <strong>dirigeants de fait<\/strong>, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire ceux qui se comportent comme les dirigeants. <strong>Ces derniers verront leur responsabilit\u00e9 engag\u00e9e de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A noter<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0: Lorsque la direction d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est confi\u00e9e \u00e0 une autre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, c\u2019est la personne physique qui dirige cette autre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui sera le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal de la premi\u00e8re.<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #fb4c35;\"><strong>La responsabilit\u00e9 civile du repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal peut voir sa responsabilit\u00e9 engag\u00e9e par des tiers (clients, fournisseurs, concurrents, pouvoirs publics\u2026). Cette responsabilit\u00e9 peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre engag\u00e9e par les associ\u00e9s eux-m\u00eames, agissant \u00e0 titre personnel ou au nom de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Envers la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et les associ\u00e9s<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/temps-partiel-changement-en-vue-au-1012014.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2357 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/temps-partiel-changement-en-vue-au-1012014-300x260.png\" alt=\"expert-comptable\" width=\"162\" height=\"141\" \/><\/a>La responsabilit\u00e9 envers la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et envers les associ\u00e9s pourra \u00eatre engag\u00e9e de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on par le dirigeant car elle rel\u00e8ve de son mandat social (de repr\u00e9sentation).<\/p>\n<p>Mais, <strong>pour \u00eatre responsable, le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 doit avoir commis une faute. Et cette faute doit avoir caus\u00e9 un pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et\/ou aux associ\u00e9s.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La faute commise par le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal peut \u00eatre de plusieurs natures, mais va notamment r\u00e9sulter :<\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\">\n<ul>\n<li>d&rsquo;une <strong>violation des dispositions l\u00e9gales ou r\u00e9glementaires <\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>d&rsquo;une <strong>violation des statuts<\/strong> de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0;<\/li>\n<li>d&rsquo;une <strong>faute de gestion<\/strong>.<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Si la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 subit un pr\u00e9judice<\/strong>, une <strong>action sociale<\/strong> des associ\u00e9s, qui vont agir pour le compte de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, pourra \u00eatre mise en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/reunion-de-travail-12.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11554 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/reunion-de-travail-12-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"compte courant\" width=\"95\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/reunion-de-travail-12-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/reunion-de-travail-12.jpg 539w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 95px) 100vw, 95px\" \/><\/a>Si le pr\u00e9judice est subi par un ou plusieurs associ\u00e9(s) personnellement<\/strong>, celui ou ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9s\u00e9s par l&rsquo;acte en question, agiront pour leur propre compte dans le cadre d\u2019une <strong>action individuelle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ces deux actions sont prescrites au bout de 3 ans<\/strong> \u00e0 compter du fait dommageable, ou de sa r\u00e9v\u00e9lation s&rsquo;il a \u00e9t\u00e9 dissimul\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><div class=\"encadre-style\">A noter<\/span><\/strong> : <strong>en pr\u00e9sence de plusieurs dirigeants, ceux-ci seront tous responsables solidairement.<\/strong> Le tribunal d\u00e9terminera ensuite la part de responsabilit\u00e9 de chacun.<\/div><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Envers les tiers<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pour que le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 engage sa responsabilit\u00e9, il faut qu&rsquo;il ait commis une <strong>faute et que cette derni\u00e8re ait caus\u00e9 un pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 un tiers. <\/strong>Cependant, les dirigeants sociaux ne sont responsables envers les tiers que des <strong>fautes s\u00e9parables de leur fonction.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/arnaque-aux-createurs-dentreprise.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6325 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/arnaque-aux-createurs-dentreprise-274x300.png\" alt=\"cr\u00e9ation d'entreprise\" width=\"110\" height=\"121\" \/><\/a>En effet, on consid\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement que c&rsquo;est la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui est responsable des agissements de son repr\u00e9sentant, celui-ci agissant au nom et pour le compte de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. D&rsquo;o\u00f9 cette exigence de faute s\u00e9parable des fonctions, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e <strong>lorsque le dirigeant commet intentionnellement une faute d&rsquo;une particuli\u00e8re gravit\u00e9, incompatible avec l&rsquo;exercice normal de ses fonctions sociales.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\">A noter que cette exigence est requise <strong>que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 soit civile ou commerciale.<\/strong><\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #fb4c35;\"><strong>La responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale du repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Elle ne rel\u00e8ve pas sp\u00e9cifiquement du droit des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s. Le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 verra sa responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale engag\u00e9e <strong>d\u00e8s lors qu\u2019une infraction a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise<\/strong>, et ce, <strong>qu\u2019il ait particip\u00e9 ou non \u00e0 ladite infraction<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/juridique.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5789 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/juridique-234x300.png\" alt=\"creation d'entreprise\" width=\"66\" height=\"85\" \/><\/a>A charge pour lui de s\u2019exon\u00e9rer par la suite en prouvant par exemple qu\u2019il n\u2019a jou\u00e9 aucun r\u00f4le dans l\u2019infraction ou que cette infraction a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise par une personne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiant d\u2019une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de pouvoirs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A titre d\u2019exemple<\/strong>, la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale du repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gale peut \u00eatre engag\u00e9e pour\u00a0:<\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong><a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/quest-ce-que-labus-de-biens-sociaux\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">les abus de biens sociaux<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<li>les <strong>fraudes fiscales<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019<strong>insuffisance d\u2019actif <\/strong>caus\u00e9e par une faute de gestion\u2026<\/div><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur les notions de responsabilit\u00e9 en entreprise ? Retrouvez nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-salaries\/\">La responsabilit\u00e9 du fait de ses salari\u00e9s<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-environnementale-attention-pollution\/\">Responsabilit\u00e9 environnementale : attention \u00e0 la pollution !<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/personne-morale-responsabilite-penale\/\">La responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale d\u2019une personne morale<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/dirigeant-comment-eviter-la-faute-de-gestion\/\">Dirigeant : comment \u00e9viter la faute de gestion ?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/dirigeants-et-responsabilite-civile-professionnelle\/\">Dirigeants avez-vous pens\u00e9 \u00e0 votre responsabilit\u00e9 civile professionnelle<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (SARL, SAS, SA\u2026) poss\u00e8de une personnalit\u00e9 juridique propre en tant que personne morale. Elle doit n\u00e9anmoins \u00eatre repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e pour tous les actes de la vie quotidienne par une personne physique. Celle-ci va agir en son nom et dans&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6113,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>La responsabilit\u00e9 du repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal d&#039;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9, personne morale, engage sa propre responsabilit\u00e9 en cas d&#039;infraction.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/responsabilite-representant-legal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La responsabilit\u00e9 du repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal | Blog Valoxy - 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