{"id":10916,"date":"2015-07-08T00:50:03","date_gmt":"2015-07-07T22:50:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/?p=10916"},"modified":"2024-07-13T18:10:51","modified_gmt":"2024-07-13T16:10:51","slug":"procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/","title":{"rendered":"Proc\u00e9dures collectives, qui est concern\u00e9 ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Le r\u00e9gime des proc\u00e9dures collectives organisera le r\u00e8glement des cr\u00e9ances de l&rsquo;entreprise en cas de difficult\u00e9s. (\u00e9conomiques, juridiques, financi\u00e8res)<\/span>. Il en existe trois : <a title=\"La proc\u00e9dure de sauvegarde pour les entreprises en difficult\u00e9\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedure-de-sauvegarde-pour-entreprises-difficulte-19122014avalchriib\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">la sauvegarde<\/a>, <a title=\"La proc\u00e9dure de redressement judiciaire\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/redressement-judiciaire-24122014avalchrib\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">le redressement judiciaire<\/a> et <span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/liquidation-judiciaire\/\"><span class=\"s2\">la liquidation judiciaire<\/span><\/a><\/span> . Hormis la derni\u00e8re, ces proc\u00e9dures ont pour objectif de sauvegarder l&#8217;emploi et l&rsquo;entreprise.<\/p>\n<p>Valoxy, cabinet d&rsquo;expertise comptable dans les Hauts de France, pr\u00e9sente dans cet article<span class=\"exergue\"> les personnes qui peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des proc\u00e9dures collectives, puis celles qui peuvent en demander l\u2019ouverture.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5996\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5996\" style=\"width: 185px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Equipe-travail.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5996\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/08\/Equipe-travail-300x231.png\" alt=\"compl\u00e9mentaire sant\u00e9\" width=\"185\" height=\"142\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5996\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Les personnes concern\u00e9es par les proc\u00e9dures collectives<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #fb4c35;\"><strong>Qui peut b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des proc\u00e9dures collectives\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"exergue\"><strong>Les personnes physiques comme les personnes morales peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des proc\u00e9dures collectives.<\/strong> <\/span>Elles doivent n\u00e9anmoins remplir certains crit\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Les personnes physiques<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Toutes les <span class=\"exergue\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">personnes physiques qui exercent<\/span><strong> une activit\u00e9 commerciale, une activit\u00e9 professionnelle ind\u00e9pendante, une activit\u00e9 artisanale ou encore une activit\u00e9 agricole peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des proc\u00e9dures collectives.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Les commer\u00e7ants<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>I<a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/indicateur.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5701 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/indicateur-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"expert-comptable\" width=\"107\" height=\"107\" \/><\/a>l s\u2019agit des personnes qui exercent, \u00e0 titre de profession principale, des <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>activit\u00e9s commerciales<\/strong><\/span>. Cela recouvre les activit\u00e9s de distribution, l\u2019industrie et les activit\u00e9s de construction. Ces activit\u00e9s doivent <strong>s&rsquo;<\/strong><span class=\"exergue\"><strong>effectuer \u00e0 titre habituel. <\/strong>Cela <\/span>signifie qu\u2019un achat pour revente effectu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re ponctuelle ne fait pas de vous un commer\u00e7ant. Elles doivent \u00e9galement s&rsquo;effectuer :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"exergue\"><strong>dans un but lucratif<\/strong><\/span> (sinon il s\u2019agit d\u2019activit\u00e9s associatives)<\/li>\n<li>et <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>en toute ind\u00e9pendance<\/strong><\/span> (sinon il s\u2019agit de salariat).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span class=\"exergue\"><strong>Ce qui compte, c\u2019est l\u2019activit\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement exerc\u00e9e<\/strong><\/span>. Ainsi, on consid\u00e8rera comme un commer\u00e7ant \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re (du moins en ce qui concerne les proc\u00e9dures collectives), un commer\u00e7ant de fait, non immatricul\u00e9 au RCS. C\u2019est le<span class=\"exergue\"><strong> Tribunal de Commerce<\/strong><\/span> qui est comp\u00e9tent.<a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/sarl-ou-sas.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6507 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/sarl-ou-sas-241x300.jpg\" alt=\"Dirigeant d'entreprise se posant des questions pour illustrer les questions \u00e0 poser lors de l'entretien annuel d'\u00e9valuation\" width=\"134\" height=\"168\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><strong>Les ind\u00e9pendants<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Il s&rsquo;agit principalement des <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>professions lib\u00e9rales<\/strong><\/span> (avocats, m\u00e9decins ou encore architectes, etc.). On y adjoindra \u00e9galement les activit\u00e9s de services (comme les activit\u00e9s de conseil), ainsi que les enseignants ou les artistes. Pour ces personnes, exer\u00e7ant une activit\u00e9 professionnelle ind\u00e9pendante, c\u2019est le <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>Tribunal de Grande Instance<\/strong><\/span> qui est comp\u00e9tent.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Les artisans<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ici, il s\u2019agit de toutes les <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>activit\u00e9s manuelles de fabrication, de transformation, de r\u00e9paration, de prestation de services relevant de l&rsquo;artisanat, et qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re l&rsquo;essentiel de son revenu de la vente de produits et de services issus de son propre travail.<\/strong><\/span>. A l\u2019instar des commer\u00e7ants, on retiendra le crit\u00e8re de l\u2019activit\u00e9 r\u00e9ellement exerc\u00e9e. Les artisans de fait (non immatricul\u00e9s au registre des m\u00e9tiers) pourront demander l\u2019ouverture d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure collective devant le <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>Tribunal de Commerce<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Les agriculteurs<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A l\u2019instar des ind\u00e9pendants, les personnes exer\u00e7ant des <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>activit\u00e9s agricoles<\/strong><\/span> peuvent demander l\u2019ouverture d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure collective devant le <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>Tribunal de Grande Instance<\/strong><\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\">Sont \u00e9galement \u00e9ligibles aux proc\u00e9dures collectives devant le Tribunal de Commerce,<strong> <a title=\"L\u2019auto-entrepreneur\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/auto-entrepreneur\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">les auto-entrepreneurs<\/a>, <\/strong><a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-statut-unique-de-lentrepreneur-individuel-ei\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener\">l\u2019entrepreneur individuel (EI)<\/a> <strong>et les EIRL.<\/strong><\/div>\n<h3><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Les personnes morales<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/office-48859_640.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-10404\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/office-48859_640-300x225.png\" alt=\"Immeuble bleu pour illustrer la reprise d'une entreprise\" width=\"128\" height=\"96\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Seules les <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>personnes morales de \u00ab\u00a0droit priv\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span> peuvent \u00eatre plac\u00e9es en proc\u00e9dure collective. Sont concern\u00e9es, toutes les <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>soci\u00e9t\u00e9s qui poss\u00e8dent une personnalit\u00e9 morale<\/strong><\/span>, qu&rsquo;elles soient civiles ou commerciales. Elles doivent donc \u00eatre <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>immatricul\u00e9es au <a title=\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le RCS ?\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/rcs-registre-commerce-societes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">RCS<\/a><\/strong><\/span> (c\u2019est ce qui leur conf\u00e8re la personnalit\u00e9 morale) pour pouvoir b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des proc\u00e9dures collectives.<\/p>\n<p>La proc\u00e9dure collective ne concerne pas les Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s en participation (SEP), les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s en formation ainsi que toutes les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s cr\u00e9\u00e9es de fait. <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>D\u2019autres personnes morales sont concern\u00e9es sans avoir \u00e0 s\u2019immatriculer, comme les <a title=\"Le groupement d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e9conomique (GIE)\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/groupement-interet-economique-gie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GIE<\/a> et les associations<\/strong><\/span> car, pour elles, ce n\u2019est pas l\u2019immatriculation qui leur conf\u00e8re la personnalit\u00e9 morale.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #fb4c35;\"><strong>Qui peut solliciter l\u2019ouverture d\u2019une proc\u00e9dure collective\u00a0?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Seul le d\u00e9biteur lui-m\u00eame peut demander la proc\u00e9dure de sauvegarde. Par contre, diff\u00e9rentes personnes peuvent solliciter les proc\u00e9dures de redressement et de liquidation judiciaire.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Le d\u00e9biteur<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Lorsqu\u2019il se trouve en \u00e9tat de <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>cessation des paiements<\/strong><\/span>, ce dernier a l\u2019<span class=\"exergue\"><strong>obligation<\/strong><\/span>, sous 45 jours de saisir le Tribunal et d\u2019effectuer son <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>\u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9p\u00f4t de bilan\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/span>.<a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fired-by-the-boss.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-6323 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/09\/fired-by-the-boss-300x297.jpg\" alt=\"le contr\u00f4le URSSAF\" width=\"133\" height=\"132\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Les cr\u00e9anciers<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span class=\"exergue\"><strong>N\u2019importe quel cr\u00e9ancier<\/strong><\/span> du d\u00e9biteur se trouvant en difficult\u00e9s peut saisir le Tribunal pour que soit ouverte une proc\u00e9dure collective. Et la nature de la cr\u00e9ance importe peu. En revanche, <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>cela ne peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 comme un moyen de pression<\/strong><\/span>. En effet, une telle demande, non totalement fond\u00e9e, pourrait engager la responsabilit\u00e9 du cr\u00e9ancier.<\/p>\n<div class=\"encadre-style\">S\u2019il peut s\u2019agir de cr\u00e9anciers priv\u00e9s ou d\u2019institutionnels (URSSAF, administration fiscale), la cr\u00e9ance doit provenir de l\u2019activit\u00e9 professionnelle du d\u00e9biteur.<\/div>\n<h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Le Minist\u00e8re public<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Lorsqu\u2019il a connaissance de faits de nature \u00e0 motiver sa demande, <span class=\"exergue\"><strong>le Minist\u00e8re public doit saisir le Tribunal.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur les proc\u00e9dures collectives ? Retrouvez donc nos articles sur le blog de Valoxy :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/difficultes-entreprises-traitement\/\"><span class=\"s4\">Le traitement des difficult\u00e9s des entreprises<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/la-procedure-de-conciliation\/\"><span class=\"s4\">La proc\u00e9dure de conciliation<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedure-dalerte\/\"><span class=\"s4\">La proc\u00e9dure d\u2019alerte dans les entreprises : comment pr\u00e9venir les difficult\u00e9s ?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s3\"><span class=\"s4\">La cessation de paiements<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><a class=\"mkd-pt-link\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/le-mandataire-de-justice\/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Quelles sont les missions du mandataire de justice ?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le r\u00e9gime des proc\u00e9dures collectives organisera le r\u00e8glement des cr\u00e9ances de l&rsquo;entreprise en cas de difficult\u00e9s. (\u00e9conomiques, juridiques, financi\u00e8res). Il en existe trois : la sauvegarde, le redressement judiciaire et la liquidation judiciaire . Hormis la derni\u00e8re, ces proc\u00e9dures ont&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gestion"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Les proc\u00e9dures collectives | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les proc\u00e9dures collectives concernent les entreprises commerciales, les professions lib\u00e9rales, les artisans ou encore les agriculteurs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les proc\u00e9dures collectives | Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les proc\u00e9dures collectives concernent les entreprises commerciales, les professions lib\u00e9rales, les artisans ou encore les agriculteurs.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog Valoxy - Expertise comptable\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Valoxy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-07-07T22:50:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-13T16:10:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/ecrase-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"505\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"616\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Expert-comptable Valoxy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Expert-comptable Valoxy\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Expert-comptable Valoxy\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/d285f250195f45509ceac046366fcc4a\"},\"headline\":\"Proc\u00e9dures collectives, qui est concern\u00e9 ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-07-07T22:50:03+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-13T16:10:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/\"},\"wordCount\":903,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/ecrase-1.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Gestion\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/valoxy.org\/blog\/procedures-collectives-personnes-concernees\/\",\"name\":\"Les proc\u00e9dures collectives | Blog Valoxy - 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